Showing posts with label çhengoaylleeaght. Show all posts
Showing posts with label çhengoaylleeaght. Show all posts

Friday, 22 February 2013

英文鼻音同化

英文有很多包括n的词,用「n」写,但常常声音其实不是[n]。普通的规定:

英文的《鼻音》会《同化》下一个音节的辅音。同时会鼻音后面的辅音,比如:

  • hand + bag 不是[hɑndbɑg],其实说法是[hɑmbbɑg]。[nd] 变成 [mb],听起来是比较长的[b]声音。
  • ten + cups 不是 [tɛn kʌps],其实说法是[tɛŋ kʌps]。[n] 变成 [ŋ]。
  • ten + men 不是 [tɛn mɛn],其实说法是[tɛm mɛn]。[n] 变成 [m]。

有时候,英文变成鼻音的写法:

  • in = 不、非或者无 (但是,不同的「in」词也存在)
  • definite > indefinite (还有[n]声音)
  • mortal > immortal ([n]声音变成了[m],写法也变成了m )

可是:

  • capable > incapable (「n」有[ŋ]声音)
  • formal > informal (「n」有[ɱ]声音)

un = 不、非或者无

  • true > untrue (还有[n]声音)
  • pleasant > unpleasant (「n」的[n]声音变成了[m],写法没变)
  • comfortable > uncomfortable (「n」有[ŋ]声音)
  • fair > unfair (「n」有[ɱ]声音)

Wednesday, 6 February 2013

英语发音课:添加「r」

Wikipedia会显示下用的声音标记

把个元音(a、e、i、o 或者 u)添加会变化发音。十之八九是有系统地变化。

美国 、澳大利亚 、苏格兰和爱尔兰的英语都通常发音最后的「r」。英格兰的英语通常不发音,只有比较长的元音。比如:

  • 美国:torn 发音[tɔːn]
  • 英格兰:torn 发音[tɔrn]

通常,一个短元音会变城长的「uh」声,相「 和」的中声一样差不多(国际音标[ɜː])。i,e,u都按这个系统变化。

  • bid 变成 bird
  • will 变成 whirl
  • ɪ 变成 ɜː

  • let 变成 alert
  • pet 变成 pert
  • ten 变成 tern
  • ɛ 变成 ɜː

  • luck 变成 lurk
  • pull 变成 purl
  • hut 变成 hurt
  • ʌ 还是 ʊ 变成 ɜː

a会变城长的「ah」声:

  • pat 变成 part
  • van 变成 varnish
  • tan 变成 tarn
  • pack 变成 park
  • a 变成 ɑː

o 比较复杂,有时短地o被发音相 u 一样。尽管短的声音,一添加r,就变成「or」声:

  • pot 变成 port
  • spot 变成 sport
  • ɒ 变成 ɔː
  • ton 变成 torn
  • honey 变成 hornet
  • ʊ 变成 ɔː

Wednesday, 21 March 2012

Çhengaghyn gyn baarnaghyn

Ta mee cur geill da ynsaghey beggan Shapaanish, er daa oyr. Yn derrey oyr, shen dy vel kuse dy studeyryn as leaghteyryn-joarree ass yn Çhapaan ‘sy rheynn aym, as by vie lhiam dy noddin cur fockle ny ghaa daue ‘sy çhengey ghooghyssagh oc. Ta Baarle feer vie oc son y chooid smoo, agh ny keayrtyn t’eh ny sassey reddyn y hoilshaghey magh ayns çhengey ny mayrey. Smooinee: my she cooish neuchadjin t’ayn, cha nel y tasht-fockle neuchadjin Baarle ec cagh dy hoiggal ny ta mee gra. Er y laue elley, my ta mee cur geill er lheh da ynsaghey raaghyn er lheh dys soilshaghey magh ny cooishyn shen, foddym eh y hoilshaghey magh da cagh gyn scansh da’n Vaarle t’oc. Yn oyr elley, shen dy vel anaase mooar aym er çhengaghyn, as ta’n Çhapaanish ny çhengey scanshoil bentyn rish cultoor, as ta’n çhengey hene anaasoil myrgeddin.

As mish goaill toshiaght dy ynsaghey çhengey dou hene, ta mee çhaglym raaghyn ymmydoil. Cha nel monney bree ayns ynsaghey focklyn nyn lomarcan; cha dod oo jannoo monney ymmyd jeu. My t’ou uss ynsaghey raaghyn er dty hengey, foddee oo loayrt rish sleih, as shen scanshoil da creeaght. Ny yei shen, ta’n chooid smoo dy hasht-fockle myr shen bentyn rish turrysee as y lheid; cha nel ymmyd erbee oc dooys er son coloayrtys ‘syn obbyr. As mish shirrey raaghyn ymmydoil, hooar mee y feysht shoh:

When looking at a sentence consisting of Japanese characters, how can you tell when words end and begin? In English each word is seperated, while in Japanese they all run together. Usually I can't tell if the character I'm reading is at the beginning, middle or end of a word. I've tried finding solutions that can help but haven't been successful. (ayns shoh)

As shoh y un ‘reggyrt v’ayn (wahll, ny h-ayrnyn scanshoil):

Hi, there are mainly 3 types of characters in Japanese, hiragana, katakana and kanji, excluding romaji which is the roman characters used to help foreigners for pronunciation.
...[soilshaghey ny 3]
As such, it's possible to write the whole sentence consisting of only hiragana characters. However, this will make the sentence difficult to read because many kanji are pronounced with not only one but few hiragana characters.
...[soilshaghey]
In order to know how Japanese words are formed, you need to have a basic understanding of the above 3 Japanese characters. You can go to the following pages to find out more on each character...
...
You may also want to refer to this page where there are many Japanese words and vocabulary available. You can then see how different combinations of Japanese words are formed.

I am not very sure why you cannot tell when words end and begin in a sentence consisting of Japanese characters. If you understand how Japanese words are formed (as explained above), you shouldn't have any problem with that.

The only problem I can guess is that you may be confused about kanji, because a kanji can be formed with few kanji. For example this kanji 飲 (no) is made up of 2 kanji 食 and 欠. While kanji are more complicated as compared to hiragana and katakana, the theory is the same behind how Japanese words are formed.

I hope I have not confused you further in my explanation. Let me you if you need more help. Or you can give some examples to show your problem.

Ta mee cliaghtit rish y doilleeid shen; ta’n red cheddin taghyrt ‘syn Çheenish nagh vel jannoo ymmyd jeh baarnaghyn noadyr. Er lhiam nagh vel y freggyrtagh er doiggal cre’n doilleeid t’ayn.

Shoh y feysht, er lhiam: mannagh vel y çhengey ayd hannah, cha cosoylagh eh dy eddyraghey raa baghtal as fondagh veih stroo dy hillabyn gyn keeall erbee.

Goaill ort hene nagh vel Baarle ayd hannah (s’cosoylagh dy vel), lhaih shoh:

“iamnotverysurewhyyoucannottellwhenwordsendandbegininasentenceconsistingofjapanesecharacters”

Cre’n aght ta shin cur enney er focklyn mannagh vel baarnaghyn ayn, aghterbee? Wahll, er lhiam dy vel kuse dy obbraghyn ‘sy chooish. Dy dooghyssagh, cha nel glare beill y red cheddin; ta shin jannoo ymmyd jeh toan, stroos as reddyn elley dy ghoaill greim er ny focklyn t’ayn; agh ta mee çheet er glare screeuit.

  1. Ta shin cur enney er focklyn ta shin oayllagh roo.
  2. Ta shin goaill tastey jeh dhossanyn dy lettyryn cadjin ta cowraghey ayrn er lheh jeh focklyn.
  3. Ta shin goaill tastey jeh dhossanyn dy lettyryn nagh vel lowit (ny nagh vel cadjin).

Dy dooghyssagh, my ta beggan ny çhengey ain, ta shin cur enney da focklyn mastey’n stroo. Fodmayd reih magh ayrnyn ta shin toiggal.

Chammah’s shen, ta kuse dy ghossanyn ayn ta cadjin dy liooar as keeall er lheh oc. ‘Sy Ghaelg, ta dhossanyn myr “-agh”, “aghey” as “-aghyn” cowraghey jerrey fockle son y chooid smoo, chammah’s “-ljyn”, “-it” as “-ey”.

As dy scanshoil, ta shin fakin kuse dy ghossanyn nagh vel lowit, as ta fys ain dy vel brishey ayn, ny nagh vel brishey lowit ayns boayl elley faggys daue. Smooinee er: Crenaghttashincurenneyerfocklyn? Wahll, cha vaik mee rieau “ghtt” as myr shen s’cosoylagh dy vel brishey ayn; as er y fa dy vel “-ght” cadjin dy liooar, as cha nel “tt-” lowit ec toshiaght fockle, ta’n brishey eddyr y ghaa “t”. Cha nel “-nc-” cadjin ‘sy Ghaelg noadyr, she “-nk-” son y chooid smoo, as myr shen s’cosoylagh eh dy brishey eddyr oc. Ta “ren” ny fockle cadjin, agh dy reihagh shin “ren” ass mean y raa, aagagh shin fockle as “-cu” ec y jerrey as fockle elley as “ney-“ ec y toshiaght; cha nel yn derrey yeh ny’n jeh elley lowit ‘sy Ghaelg.

Liorish ny saaseyn shen (as fir elley, foddee?) ta shin feddyn keeall y raa eer mannagh vel enney ain er dagh fockle.

Cre mysh sampleyr Baarle jeh’n ‘reggyrtagh?:

“iamnotverysurewhyyoucannottellwhenwordsendandbegininasentenceconsistingofjapanesecharacters”

  • Cha nel ‘ia’ cadjin ec toshiaght ‘ockle.
  • Cha nel ‘tv’ lowit.
  • Cha nel ‘rys’ cadjin.
  • Ta ‘wh’ ec toshiaght focklyn agh cha nel eh ry-akin dy mennick ayns buill elley.
  • Cha nel ‘yy’ lowit er chor erbee.
  • Cha nel ‘db’ cadjin agh ayns focklyn jeant jeh daa ‘ockle (“handbag”, as shen focklit magh myr “hambag”).
  • Cha nel ‘inina’ ry-akin.
  • Cha nel ‘fj’ ayn agh ayns “fjord”.
  • Cha nel nb, md, mg, sg, sd, rj, as ymmodee piyryn elley lowit.

“i-amnot-very-sure-why-youcannottell-whenwordsendand-begininasentenceconsistingof-japanesecharacters”

Lesh shen, ta reddyn jeeaghyn ny s’assey. As goaill rish dy vel beggan Baarle ayd, foddee oo feddyn focklyn cadjin ayns shoh:

“i-am-not-very-sure-why-you-can-not-tell-when-wordsend-and-begin-in-a-sentenceconsisting-of-japanesecharacters

Er y laue elley, ta reddyn ayn dys molley oo:

“i-am-not-very-sure-why-you-can-not-tell-w-he-nw-or-d-send-and-beg-in-in-as-en-ten-cec-on-s-is-tin-go-fjap-an-esechar-act-ers

Liorish feddyn cohaglymyn neuliklee dys rheynn ny focklyn, as feddyn focklyn liklee ‘sy raa, as fys grammeydagh (ta –ing as –ed jerrey breearyn ‘sy Vaarle dy cadjin; ta –s yn yl-rey dy cadjin) foddee oo geddyn eie mie jeh; agh ta ram crampyssyn ‘sy lane obbyr. As shen fa scanshoil dy vel baarnaghyn screeuit ayns çhengaghyn heear. Ta baarnaghyn (as lettyryn mooarey) lhiggey dhyt eddyraghey ny focklyn veih y cheilley: my t’ou fakin “bunneeaght”, ta fys ayd nagh vel oo fakin “bun nee aght” ga dy vel ny lettyr cheddin ayn.

Cha nel y Vaarle feer vie ‘sy chooish shoh, er y fa nagh vel y corys screeuee eck myn-heeanagh; t’eh rere shennaghys, bun-ocklaght as reddyn elley. Chammah’s shen ta fys ayd (s’cosoylagh) er focklyn ny Baarle. Cre mysh y Vretnish, ny çhengey vyn-heeanagh er screeu?

Shoh sampleyr Bretnish:

“dwiddimynsiwrpamnadwyttinmedrugwelddechrauadiweddygeiriaumewnbrawddegsyddwediiysgrifennuynsymbolausaipaneg”

  • Shegin da -tt- ve eddyr daa ockle; cha nel -tt- ayns fockle erbee agh enmyn ass y Vaarle. Shen y brishey eginit ynrican ‘sy chooish.
  • S’coyolagh dy vel -ii- eddyr daa ockle, agh foddee eh cowraghey î.
  • Cha nel w- cadjin ec toshiaght ‘ockle (agh ta gw- boggaghey dys w-), as cha nel agh un ‘ockle as yt- ‘sy toshiaght.
  • Cha dod ns-, rp-, mn-, ld-, hr-, ua- ve ec toshiaght ‘ockle er chor erbee.
  • Cha dod -mn nt -tt ve ec jerrey fockle.

“dwiddimynsiwrpamnadwyt-tinmedrugwelddechrauadiweddygeiriaumewnbrawddegsyddwedi-iysgrifennuynsymbolausaipaneg”

Cha nel shen feer ymmydoil...

Cre mysh shirrey focklyn?

“dwi-ddim-yn-siwr-pam-na-dwyt-ti-’n-medru-gweld-dechrauadiwed-dy-geiriau-mewn-brawd-deg-sydd-wedi-iysgr-ife-nnu-yn-sym-bolau-sai-pan-eg

...ny shen noadyr.

Shoh y feer chummey, yn un raa honnick shin ‘sy Vaarle:
“dwi ddim yn siwr pam nad wyt ti’n medru gweld dechrau a diwedd y geiriau mewn brawddeg sydd wedi’i ysgrifennu yn symbolau saipaneg”

Ta’n Çhapaanish as yn Çheenish ny smessey foast. Cha nel abbyrlhit erbee oc. Ta’n Çheenish screeuit lesh “hanzi”, cowraghyn ta lane shillab as ta çheet er eie er lheh.

新语丝之前从来没有也不准备揭露没发表的学士或硕士论文抄袭,从来没有用新的规范去要求之前符合规范的文科论文。(shoh sampleyr gyn tort; cha nel eh çheet er y chooish heose)

Ta’n Çhapaanish screeuit lesh tree coryssyn: kanji (sorçh dy hanzi), as daa chorys “kana”, nyn sheelaghtyn, dy ghra myr shen, ta dagh cowrey çheet er shillab ennagh (myr ‘ka’, ‘te’ ny ‘mu’), cha nel er myn-heean.

多くの人が第二言語としてマン島語を学んだ結果、今日では英語との併用ではあるものの、マン島語を母語とする人々が再び現れている。 (ta’n sampleyr shoh mestey y ny tree coryssyn: kanji, hiragana as katakana; cha nel eh çheet er y chooish heose; t’eh ass art Wikipedia.jp er y Ghaelg, dy firrinagh!)

Agh t’ad ooilley screeuit liorish cowraghyn shillabagh, as foddee adsyn ve currit ayns oardagh erbee. Myr shen, cha nel y treeoo haase (dhossanyn meelowit) ayd. Ec y traa cheddin, my t'ou uss gynsaghey çhengey, cha nel enney mie ayd er ooilley ny focklyn, as ta'n chied haase moal dy liooar myrgeddin.

‘Syn Çheenish, cha nel aafilley ayn dys cowraghey my she jerrey breear t’ayn ny mean ennymockle. Ta’n Çhapaanish cowraghey aafilley breearyn ec y chooid sloo, bwooise da Jee! Agh mannagh vel brishey erbee dys cowraghey c’raad ta jerrey ny toshiaght ny focklyn, as mannagh vel y çhengey ayd hannah dy glen, nagh agglagh eh feaysley magh ny focklyn! T’eh ny smessey foast er y fa, dy mennick, nagh vel ad cowraghey enmyn ayns aght er lheh. T’ad jeant ass focklyn cadjin, ‘syn aght “folt grayse sheear” as “ard goll lajer”, as ga dy vel kuse jeu cadjin myr enmyn, cha nel ad enney orroo ec ynseydee. Myr shen, t’ou jeeaghyn er raa rish eash gyn feddyn keeall erbee ayn, as fy-yerrey t’ou feddyn magh dy vel enmyn buill, ny sleih, ny colughtyn ‘sy vean echey ta cur ort far-hoiggal. Ayns çhengaghyn heear, son y chooid smoo, ta lettyryn mooarey er ny focklyn shen (ta ny Germaanee cur ad ec toshiaght dagh ennymockle).

Shen bun as bree y chooish: my t’ou uss gynsaghey ny çhengaghyn shoh, cha nel fys dy liooar ayd dy chur enney er ny focklyn smoo cosoylagh mastey stroo dy hillabyn; as cha nel ny cowraghyn oayllagh ain (myr lettyryn mooarey as baarnaghyn) ayn dys jannoo baghtal ny brishaghyn. She obbyr voal as tooilleilagh t’ayn resooney magh cummey ny focklyn lesh prowal-as-failleil.

Chammah’s shen, ta thousaneyn dy chowraghyn ayn, as thousaneyn dy chovestaghyn jeu oddagh ve nyn vocklyn gyn enney ain orroo. Eer my t’ou uss fakin cowrey ainjyssagh dhyt, foddee dy vel eh ayrn jeh fockle smoo. Chammah’s shen, ta’n Çhapaanish aafilley dy jeean, as myr shen s’doillee eh cur enney er cummey bunneydagh y fockle eer my ta’n cummey bunneydagh er enney ayd. Cha nel Shapaanish (ny Sheenish) kenjal da ynseydee!

C’red ta ny sassey?

  1. いいレストランをご存知でしょうか?
  2. いい  レストラン  を  ご存知  でしょう  か?

Dy dooghyssagh, s’cosoylagh eh feaysley magh ny focklyn liorish traa as toilleil, agh nagh nhare eh as baarnaghyn ayn! Sheenee, Shapaanee, ta mee guee erriu, my ta shiu er son skeaylley ny çhengaghyn eu, gow toshiaght focklyn y eddyraghey!

Monday, 30 January 2012

Fockley magh R

Ta mish gobbraghey ayns lioarlan ollooscoill, as ta studeyryn gobbraghey marin 'syn oie myr cooney lhieeneydagh (t'ad ny sloo deyr na obbree lane-emshir!). Ta shin caarjoil dy liooar as ta kuse jin ceau traa rish y cheilley ny keayrtyn. Aghterbee, ta ben jeu smooinaghtyn er jeet dy ve ny ben-lioarlan erreish da'n ollooscoill, as dinsh ee dou dy vel ee er chur stiagh er son Aberystwyth. Wahll, va mee ayns shen blein ny queig er dy henney (as b'wooar lhiam ee), as hug mee gaue jee dy by ymmydoil eh Bretnish y ynsaghey er y fa dy vel ad daa-hengagh 'sy lioarlan. Cha row mee jerkal eh tra dreggyr ee dy by vie lhee oyr dy ynsaghey Bretnish.

Wahll, erreish dou toiggal ee, chowree mee jee dy row yn oyr shen eck: foddee ee loayrt Bretnish marym. Ta anaase myr shen dy liooar dou goaill toshiaght er shalee, as t'eh foym cooney lhee ynsaghey iaith y nefoedd my s'cosoylagh eh. Hooar magh mee dy row doilleeid ayn tra dooyrt ee dou nagh nod ee fockley magh [r] Celtiagh. Ghow mee yindys. S'doillee dou fockley magh [ʁ] Germaanish, agh shen er y fa (choud's noddym toiggal) dy vel eh ro-chosoylagh rish [ɣ] as [x] Celtiagh as cha noddym geddyn greim er y scansh mooar t'eddyr oc. Agh cha nod ee fockley magh [r]. Dou hene, cha nel monney scansh eddyr /r/ 'sy Ghaelg as 'sy Vaarle t'ayms dy cadjin, agh ta mish my Scouser as ta frap rhotagh ain ([ɾ]). Sleih ass ram buill elley ayns Sostyn, she [ɹ] t'oc. Er lhiam dy vel eh ny s'doillee caghlaa veih shen dys [r] creoi.

Agh shoh y red - cha noddym çheet er aght dy hoilshaghey magh yn aght ta mee gra [r]. Cha nel eh jyst sheidey aer harrish birr ny çhengey; ta'n birr craa fo'n stroo dy aer as bwoalley er y charbad ymmodee keayrtyn. Er y laue elley, cha nel mee jannoo shen jeh yoin; t'eh taghyrt, shen ooilley. Foddym soilshaghey cre'n aght ta mee fockley magh sheean erbee elley, er lhimmey jeh ny craaghyn. Mollaght orroo.

Mannagh hoig oo ny cowraghyn quaagh shen ayns lhoobeenyn kerrinagh, jeeagh er artyn Wiki ny Gaelgey er yn Abbyrlhit Sheeanagh Eddyr-ashoonagh as myn-heeanyn dys ynsaghey reddyn noa!

Tuesday, 24 January 2012

Menkid lettyryn Yernish er son coadey as cronnaghey eash screeuee

Rere yn Irish Times, ta caillin er veddyn magh saase noa dy hickyraghey teksyn Yernish. Ren Aoife Gregg oltscarrey menkid lettyr er 15,000 fockle veih ynnyd-eggey'n phabyr-naight Foinse, liorish towse lettyryn, daalettyryn as treelettyryn. Ren ee cosoylaghey ny h-eiyrtyssyn marish teks giare as geddyn towseyn cosoylagh. Hooar ee sambyl towse fondagh, as A, I, H as N smoo cadjin 'syn oardagh shen.

Erreish da'n eiyrtys shen, ghow ee toshiaght jannoo studeyrys er menkid lettyryn ayns shenn docamadys as scrutaghey caghlaaghyn shennaghyssagh. Va scanshyn eddyr menkid lettyr ny docamadyn; myr sampleyr, ta A as H foddey ny s'cadjiney jiu. Hooar ee dy dod ee cronnaghey eash ny docamadyn, as shen cruinn dy liooar so y chooid smoo (ren 7 ass 10 prowaltyssyn coardail rish y traih eash ta ard-scoillaryn cur orroo).

Chammah's shen, ren sambylyn menkid as cochiangley lhiggey jee jee-choadey çhaghteraghtyn v'er nyn coadey eck hene ny ec sleih elley. Myr sampleyr, roish H ta C smoo cadjin, as eddyr A as R ta Í smoo cadjin.

Ec y traa t'ayn, s'treih lhiam gra, cha noddym feddyn teks yn obbyr hene. Ta feeshag ry-akin er YouTube jeh Aoife soilshaghey'n obbyr eck.