Language Myths: Cha nel kuse dy hengaghyn corrym rish

Ta'n art shoh ry-lhaih lesh kied kenjal Ray Harlow, Laurie Bauer, Pheter Trudgill as Phenguin. T'eh er ny screeu er son ny lioar Language Myths, ny lioar vie er bashtal as cagh ny share son lhaih ee.

FEAYN-SKEEAL JEES

Cha nel kuse dy hengaghyn corrym rish

Liorish Ray Harlow

My veesmayd jeeaghyn er ny çhengaghyn ta goll er loayrt ‘sy teihll jiu, vermayd my ner nagh vel yn ymmyd cheddin jeant jeu. Y chooid smoo dy hengaghyn, she kied çhengey heshaght ennagh t’ayn, as t’ad cooilleeney currymyn ny sheshaght shen lane vie. Ta rheam obbragh sloo ec shiartanse jeu; myr sampleyr, derrey’n gherrid, va Ladjyn lhiettalit da ymmydyn er lheh ‘syn Agglish Chreestee Raueagh, erskyn ooilley stiurey shirveishyn as çhaghteraghyn sthie eddyr-ashoonagh yn Agglish. Ta rheam eer ny sloo eck jiu, as cha nel feer ymmyd jeant jee agh son lhaih ny va screeut aynjee dy bunneydagh.

Er y laue elley, ta obbraghyn s’lhea na coraa laaoil ec kuse dy hengaghyn. T’ad nyn jengaghyn oikoil son reagheydys lane ashoonyn, ta ymmyd jeant jeu er son ynsaghey dys ny keimyn s’yrjey, as er son dagh ooilley sorçh dy screeuaght. Fir elley, ta currym eddyr-ashoonagh oc; she Baarle ee y sampleyr share ec y traa t’ayn, foddee. She çhengey hraaght aer eddyr-ashoonagh, ghellal, as hoilshaghey oaylleeagh ee, as lingua franca turrysaght.

Dy meeaighar, er y fa dy vel lheid ny scanshyn eddyr rheamyn çhengaghyn, ta kuse dy ‘leih credjal, mannagh vel rheam lheead ec çhengey, nagh noddagh ee cooilleeney lheid y rheam. Er lesh kuse dy ‘leih, cha nel kuse dy hengaghyn corrym rish. Cha nel ad nyn jengaghyn oaylleeaght, çhaghteraght eddyr-ashoonagh as screeuaght, as er y fa dy vel ad moal, cha nod ad cooilleeney ny currymyn shoh.

Ta lheid y varel ry-akin smoo baghtal ayns sheshaghtyn raad ta myn-hengey goll er loayrt marish ard-hengey. Myr cooish hampleyragh, smooinee er Maorish, çhengey ghooie Pholaneesagh ny Seelan Noa. Rere briwnyssyn çhengoayllee, ta Baarle ny kied çhengey ec mysh 95 ‘sy cheead jeh’n phobble as ny çhengey ynrican ec mysh 90 ‘sy cheead. Ta beggan ny smoo na 12 ‘sy cheead jeh’n phobble cur enney Maorish daue hene, ass 3 millioonyn. Ny yei shen, ga dy vel ad cur trimmid er scansh ny çhengey son enney Maorish, cha nel agh mysh 30 000 loayreyder glen eck. Er coontey caghlaaghyn sheshoil ‘syn Teelan Noa rish ny queig jeih-bleeantyn s’jerree, ta rheam Vaori er ny lhiettal beggan er veggan, as ayns ymmodee buill, cha nel ee ry-chlashtyn jiu agh ayns cruinnaghtyn formoil cliaghtagh.

Rish ny feed blein s’jerree, va ventyr ny ghaa ec politickaght, ynsaghey as scaalheaney dys castey y hroa shen. Myr eiyrtys jeusyn, she çhengey oikoil ny Seelan Noa t’ayn nish. T’ee ry-chlashtyn ayns scaalheaney radio as çhellveeish, as ayns kuse dy scoillyn as eer un ollooscoill, cha nel ny cooish studeyrys ynrican, agh ny çhengey ynsee.

Rish immeeaght ny ventyryn shoh, va’n varel cheddin dy row mee çheet er ry-akin ec ymmyrkey kuse dy leih: cha nel y jargaght ec Maorish dy ve ny çhengey oikoil ny ny çhengey ynsee erskyn y cheim s’inshley. Ny keayrtyn, lesh fockley magh y varel shoh, t’eh ry-akin nagh vel bun resoonagh echey. S’cooin lhiam barel ayns pabyr-naight ny Seelan Noa blein ny ghaa er dy henney, as foee shickyraghey nagh row Maorish ny çhengey 'eeu, er y fa dy row feme eck er eeassaghey ass y Vaarle er son eieyn noa. Cosoylaghey rish shen, she çhengey vreeagh as so-lhoobagh ee Baarle dy baghtal, er y fa dy dod ee er n’eeassaghey focklyn jeh ymmodee çhengaghyn car ny bleeantyn son eieyn noa.

Agh ta’n eie cheddin, nagh vel kuse dy hengaghyn feeu, ry-akin ayns cooishyn elley. She oraatagh, politickagh as fallsoonagh Romanagh v’eh Cicero, ‘sy chied eash RJC. Screeu eh obbraghyn fallsoonagh ayns Ladjyn, ayns ayrn dys cur fallsoonys Greagagh cour sleih nagh row agh Ladjyn oc, agh myrgeddin, dys taishbyney dy row eh yn-yannoo. Shen er y fa dy row ourys ec ny co-emshiree echey dy dod Ladjyn cur eieyn as aghtyn smooinaghtyn ny Greagee da sleih! Er lhieu, cha row Ladjyn corrym rish. Agh shen çhengey vees ny çhengey ard-scoillarys, oaylleeaght, diploamys eddyr-ashoonagh as lettyraght rish milley bleeaney as ny smoo! Y Reejerey Isaac Newton, ard-scoillar mie er enney ny shiaghtoo eash jeig, hoilshee magh eh ny eieyn echey ayns Ladjyn.

Haghyr lheid y red reesht ‘syn Europey Heear ec jerrey ny Mean Eashyn, lesh ny çhengaghyn dooghyssagh (myr hie ad er enmys) cosney obbraghyn va fo ream Ladjyn roish shen. Ec y traa shen, va sleih ayn as er lhieu nagh dod ny çhengaghyn ardjeeagh, myr Frangish, Baarle, Iddaalish as nyn lheid, jannoo yn obbyr shoh. V’ad ro-gharroo, ro-neuappee, as laccal cooid; cha dod ad fockley smooinaght neuloaghtagh as fys lhean myr ny shenn-hengaghyn, Ladjyn as Greagish. Lhig dooin resooney magh ny ta ry-laccal ec çhengaghyn er lhieu, ny faghyn nagh vel ad corrym rish, as y fesht: “Corrym rish cre?”.

Ny keayrtyn, t’ad reih troyn troggalagh çhengey myr fa dy vel çhengey elley ennagh ny share son obbyr ennagh. 'Syn Elveeish hiar-yiass, ta çhengey ec ymmodee sleih as ish jeh sliught Ladjyn ny coloinee Romanagh. She Romansh t’ayn, as ish çhengey ny theay ayns kuse dy h-ardjyn as baljyn beg, ga dy vel Germaanish er vrishey stiagh 'syn ard neayr's eashyn er dy henney. Myr t’eh son Maorish, as dimraa mee roish, rish ny jeih-bleeantyn s’jerree, ta gleashaght ayn dy vooadaghey ream as paart Romansh.

Nish, foddee Germaanish cur focklyn ry-cheilley dy aashagh, as jannoo co-ocklyn jeu (breearyn, marenmyn as fir elley, cha nel ennymocklyn ynrican). Cha nod Romansh shen y yannoo cho aashagh; t’ee jannoo ymmyd jeh raaghyn dys cochiangley eieyn. Kuse dy Romansheyryn, t’ad er vreggyrt y lhiettrimys shoh lesh credjal nagh vel Romansh corrym rish magheryn bea feer chrampit, er y fa: “foddee Germaanish jannoo focklyn nyn lomarcan son eieyn çhaghnagh, as meenaghey baghtal oc; cha nod Romansh”.

Ta’n barel shoh faagail magh dy vel çhengaghyn elley, myr Frangish as Iddaalish, ‘syn un vuckagh. Agh cha nel doilleeid erbee oc lesh loayrt dy baghtal er cooishyn çhaghnagh. Chammah’s shen, by Romansh ee çhengey dooghyssagh yn ard rish eashyn, as dagh ooilley cooish ayns sheshaght eirinagh alpinagh jeant lioree, as fir jeu feer ‘çhaghnagh’. Lheid ny barelyn, t’adsyn casley rish yn ‘’eayn-skeeal’ t’ad resooney magh ayns Feayn-Skeeal 10: Cha Nel Grammeydys Ec Kuse Dy Hengaghyn. Rere’n ’eayn-skeeal shoh, er coontey scanshyn eddyr troggalyn çhengaghyn, ta lhiettrimyssyn eddyr oc bentyn rish jargaght dy ‘ockley magh kianglaghyn resoonagh eddyr focklyn as eieyn.

Ny keayrtyn elley, cha nel çhengey ennagh ‘corrym rish’ er y fa dy vel eh “graney, barbagh, dewil”. Shoh fer jeh ny h-oyryn, er lesh sleih ennagh, nagh dod ny çhengaghyn dooghyssagh goaill orroo hene obbyr Ladjyn. Myr screeu ard-scoillar ennagh, va blass “soar check as ollish yn ‘er caggee” orroo. Va Dante ny chione-fenee ny çhengaghyn dooghyssagh, as t’ad gra dy dug eh er bun Iddaalish jeianagh. Ny yei shen, lesh creearey abbyrtyn Iddaalagh lesh shirrey fer cooie son ny shaleeyn lettyragh echey, daag magh eh yn abbyrt Romanagh, er y fa: “jeh ooilley abbyrt Iddaalagh, ta’n sheean moal feie oc y fer smoo feodagh – as cha nyrrys, fakin dy vel eh rere trulleeaght as garrooid nyn gliaghtaghyn.”

Ta’n daa hampleyr shoh cowraghey magh ny ta goll er dy feer. Ta ny smoo resoonaght er y chooish shoh ayns Feayn-Skeeal 11: S’aalin Ee Iddaalish, S’garney Ee Germaanish. T’eh taghyrt dy mennick dy vel sleih cur er çhengey ny abbyrt ennagh y varel t’oc orroosyn ta dy loayrt. Myr shen, va’n abbyrt Romanagh feie as moal er lesh Dante er y fa dy nee shen y varel v’oc er ny Romanee v’ayn ec y traa. Y treeoo oyr ta sleih gra nagh vel çhengey ennagh corrym rish, t’eh ny s’trimmey; shen y coyrle: “Cha nel X corrym rish er y fa nagh nod shiu loayrt er fishag çheshveanagh aynjee”. Ta shen keeayllaghey dy vel Baarle (ny çhengey ennagh elley myr Germaanish ny Rooshish, myr sampleyr) ny share na X, er y fa dy vel cooishyn ayn nod oo loayrt orroo ayns fer jeu, agh cha nod ‘syn ‘er elley.

Er y chied reayrtys, t’eh jeeaghyn dy ve ny argane mie. Ta reddyn ayn nod oo jannoo ayns çhengey ennagh nagh nod oo jannoo ayns çhengey elley; myr shen ta shiartanse dy hengaghyn ny share na fir elley; myr shen, cha nel shiartanse dy hengaghyn corrym rish shiartanse dy h-obbraghyn, er y chooid sloo.

Agh ta’n varel shoh cur mee-enney er tro hengaghyn kyndagh rish y çhennaghys oc myr tro undinagh hengaghyn. Dy ghra myr shen, rere’n varel shoh, er y fa nagh row oyr ny feme erbee rieau dy loayrt er (myr sampleyr) fishag çheshveanagh ayns Maorish, cha nod oo jannoo eh arragh er coontey lheamys undinagh ennagh t’er Maorish. Agh lesh beggan smooinaghtyn, heemayd nagh nodmayd cummal seose yn argane shoh.

Cha loayr ad er co-earrooderyn ayns Shenn Vaarle; ta Baarle Yeianagh yn un hengey as Shenn Vaarle, agh ny s’anmey; myr shen, lhisagh shin credjal nagh nodmayd loayrt er co-earrooderyn ayns Baarle Yeianagh. Shen ommidjys, gyn ourys. S’baghtal eh ny haghyr; rish ny bleeantyn, ta Baarle er ngiennaghtyn y chooid ta feme ain urree dys loayrt er co-earrooderyn, as ymmodee cooishyn elley nagh row fys orroo ain ayns ny shenn laghyn. Dys resooney magh cooish ennagh ayns çhengey er lheh, ta feme ain er focklyn dys çheet er mynphoyntyn y chooish; dy ghra myr shen, tasht-fockle cooie.

Gyn ourys, shegin dooin dy vel y çhengey lhiggey dooin ny fockley y chochiangley ayns jeean-loayrtyssyn, feyshtyn, as myr shen. Agh ta ny h-aghtyn shoh ec dagh çhengey. Ta cabdilyn elley loayrt er y chooish shoh, Feayn-Skeeal 10: Cha Nel Grammeydys Ec Kuse Dy Hengaghyn, as Feayn-Skeeal 4: She Çhengey Resoonagh Ee Frangish. Dy giare, ta scansh eddyr çhengaghyn bentyn rish obbraghey troggal ny çhengey, agh foddee ad ooilley fockley y ream cheddin dy cheealyn troggalagh.

Cha nel y tasht-fockle cheddin ec dagh çhengey. S’feer eh dy vel kuse dy hengaghyn er naase tashtyn-fockle bentyn rish cooishyn nagh vel sleih loayrt orroo ayns kuse dy hengaghyn elley. As she “aase” eh y fockle breeoil shoh. Foddee oo loayrt er fishag çheshveanagh ayns Baarle, er y fa dy vel y tasht-fockle eck er naase rish aase smooinaghtyn oaylleeagh; cha row eh ayn er son dy bragh myr tro undinagh ny Baarle. Ren Baarle mooadaghey y tasht-fockle eck, ayns ymmodee aghtyn rish ny h-eashyn, dys cooilleeney ny femeyn noa v’eck. Foddee dagh çhengey mooadaghey y tasht-fockle eck ‘syn aght cheddin, dys goaill stiagh cooishyn erbee as feme ec ny loayreyderyn oc dy loayrt orroo. Lesh jeeaghyn er ny focklyn t’ad jannoo ymmyd jeu ‘sy Vaarle dys loayrt er cooishyn çhaghnagh, as ymmodee fir neuhaghnagh neesht, heemayd dy vel y chooid smoo jeu ass çhengaghyn elley, as er nyn govestey stiagh ‘sy Vaarle. T’ad cur “eeassaghey” er shen, ga nagh vel eie erbee dy jed ny focklyn er cur erash! Ta dagh çhengey jannoo shen er shlee, agh s’cosoylagh dy vel tasht-fockle “eeassit” Vaarle y fer smoo ‘sy teihll, mastey ard-hengaghyn er y chooid sloo.

Ny yei shen, cha nel eeassaghey yn aght ynrican dy nod çhengey mooadaghey y tasht-fockle eck. Dy mennick, ta’n tasht-fockle goll er aase “veih’n çheusthie”, dy ghra myr shen, liorish y chooid t’eck hannah. Ny keayrtyn, agh cha nel dagh keayrt er chor erbee, ta çhengey as ny loayreyderyn eck jannoo shen er y fa dy vel ad credjal dy jinnagh eeassaghey aggair jee. Oyr elley son aase tasht-fockle lesh cooid ny çhengey hene, shen dy by vie lesh screeudeyr ennagh dy nod y lhaihderaght chiarit toiggal ny ta screeut echey dy aashagh, as veagh ram eeassaghey nyn gumrail, foddee.

Shen ny ren Cicero. Son dy screeu ayns Ladjyn er eieyn fallsoonys Greagagh, begin da tasht-fockle Ladjynagh y aase, as shen corrym rish ny h-eieyn by vie lesh soilshaghey magh. Son y chooid smoo, ren eh shen liorish goaill fockle Ladjyn as cur keeal er lheh er dy jioinagh. Sampleyr feer scanshoil, shen yn ymmyd jeant echey jeh’n ‘ockle Ladjyn ratio son ‘resoon’, as haink yn ymmyd shoh da Baarle myr reason. Ny keayrtyn elley, chroo eh focklyn noa jeh bun Ladjynagh; myr sampleyr, chroo eh qualitas (haink shen y ve quallid ‘sy Ghaelg, quality ‘sy Vaarle) dy jioinagh dys çheet er eie Greagagh.

Ta myn-hengaghyn, myr sampleyr Maorish as Romansh, jannoo y red cheddin jiu ren Cicero son Ladjyn. T’ad jannoo tasht-fockle ass cooid t’ec ny çhengaghyn hannah, do nodmayd jannoo ymmyd jeu dy loayrt er cooishyn nagh row shin loayrt orroo ayndaue monney roie, myr co-earrooderyn, leigh, oaylleeaght as reddyn elley. Cha cosoylagh eh dy jig y daa hengey shoh y ve nyn jengaghyn oaylleeaght ny diploamys eddyr-ashoonagh, agh dy beagh shennaghys elley ayn, veagh ad, foddee, as eisht veagh shin resooney magh, foddee, my ta Baarle “corrym rish” ny dyn.

Language Myths

Baarle: "This illuminating and highly readable collection of essays explores some of the myths, for example: standards of children's speech and writing have declined; women talk too much; the 'purity' of the English language is under threat; some languages are more attractive to the ear or are harder to learn than others; the media has a detrimental effect on language. These widely held views are questioned and shown to be based on inadequate or false information, or simply, not to be true. Other essays explore spelling problems, attitudes towards accents, controversies over changes in language, and the belief that some languages have no grammar."

Fys lioar-oaylleeagh:

• Enmys: Language Myths
• Soilsheyder: Penguin, 1998
• Reagheyderyn: Laurie Bauer & Peter Trudgill
• ISBN-13: 978-0140260236
• Kiangley: Er ynnyd-eggey Phenguin (kiart ec y traa screeuee)

Screeudeyryn

Ray Harlow

She Ray Harlow eh screeudeyr yn art shoh. She çhengoayllee eh, as anaase echey er ymmodee çhengaghyn. T'eh cur geill er lheh da Maorish as Polaneesish, as t'eh cur cooney da obbyr freayll çhengaghyn 'sy Teelan Noa, chammah's da sheshaghtyn Europagh ta jannoo eab myn-hengaghyn ardjynagh y 'reayll.

Laurie Bauer

Ta Laurie Bauer ny cho-reagheyder ny lioar. She çhengoayllee eh, as anaase mooar echey er jalloo-oaylleeaght (kiaddey focklyn, er lheh) as sorçhyn dy Vaarle harrish y teihll (Baarle y Teelan Noa, er lheh).

Peter Trudgill

Ta Peter Trudgill ny cho-reagheyder ny lioar. She çhengoayllee eh, as anaase mooar echey er sheshengoaylleeaght as abbyrtyn. T'eh er nyannoo ram obbyr er abbyrt Norfolk as t'eh ny eaghtyrane onnoragh ny sheshaght Friends of Norfolk Dialect.

Penguin Books

She soilsheyder lioaryn eh Penguin Books.

Shirveishee as Myn-hengaghyn

Rish y touree, ren mee turrys dys Nerin rish my ayr as moir, er son y chied cheayrt rieau bentyn rhym pene. Red naareydagh dou, as mish ass y Wirral. Hannee shin ayns thieyn oastey as gee ayns thieyn bee; ga dy vel shin cummal ayns bwaane er mayl ny keayrtyn, v’eh foin fakin beggan jeh’n çheer, as cha aashagh shen as bwaaneyn er mayl rish lane hiaghtin. Hannee shin ayns Divlyn as Corkee, as shen dy liooar ayns shiaghtin, ga dy bare lhiam boayl ennagh çheerey y nah cheayrt.

Agh cha nee lioar-voggyl t'ayn, as cha nel eh foym jannoo coontys jeh'n turrys. Ta red ny ghaa ry-ghra aym er myn-hengaghyn.

Myr dooyrt mee, va shin cummal ayns thieyn oastey as gee ayns thieyn bee, gyn çheet er ny thieyn ooree ass towse. Liorish shen, hug my ner quoid dy hirveishee nagh row ass Nerin. Dy firrinagh, rere blass as enmyn as ny dooyrt uss dooin ny keayrtyn, va’n chooid smoo jeu ass yn Oarpey Hiar. Shimmey cooneyder shapp v’assjee myrgeddin. Ta’n red cheddin ry-akin ayns ymmodee buill, as (yiarrins) buill hurrysagh erskyn ooilley, er y fa dy vel lheid yn obbyr ry-gheddyn ayndaue, agh cha nel shen agh my heiltyn. Dys shaghney boirey erbee, lhig dou gra nish nagh vel mee shassoo n’oi; ta kiart ec peiagh erbee dy obbraghey ayns boayl erbee, er lhiam. Agh hug my ner eh er y fa dy row mee cur ram tastey da ny shirveishee. As mish my hengeyder jeean, va mee geaishtagh er son Yernish, as er son caa beggan j’ee y loayrt. Cha nel agh beggan Yernish aym, agh v’eh foym yn eab y yannoo. Cha dooar mee agh beggan dy Yernee, ayns thieyn tashtee son y chooid smoo, as va reireyderyn ny thieyn oastey nyn Yernee myrgeddin.

Dy firrinagh, s’cosoylagh dy bee reddyn cosoylagh ry-akin raad erbee. Ta staartaghyn oastey as kiarail bee er faill veg son y chooid smoo; ayns caayryn, ta lheid yn obbyr jeant ec sleih joarree dy mennick (chammah’s troggal, thieyn greasey, a.r.e.). Myr sampleyr, ayns Lunnin, ta 60% dy staartaghyn thie oast as thie bee jeant ec arredee stiagh.^[1] Shen daa wheesh as ny keirdyn elley, fo ny harrish. Foddee dy vel shen er y fa nagh vel ad shirrey rouyr teishtyn dys geddyn obbyr; ta shen doillee ayns çheer joarree. Foddee dy vel eh er y fa nagh vel ad jerkal jeed y çhengey y ve ayd dy flaaoil, as t’eh cur caa dhyt ee y chliaghtey. Foddee dy vel eh er y fa nagh verragh sleih obbyr elley jeed. As dy dooghyssagh, ta staartaghyn noa ry-gheddyn dy mennick, liorish caghlaa caireyder ny shenn obbree faagail er son red ennagh er faill hare. Rere ronsaghey y Learning and Skills Council: “Dooyrt failleyderyn dy row caghlaa obbree (as obbree RU erskyn ooilley) ny ghoilleeid, er coontey ambee ny keirdey oltee myr nane as staartaghyn creoiey er faill voght eck, gyn monney cosoylaght ardjee, foddee. Myr shen, er lhieu dy row arreydee stiagh undinagh da cummal seose as aase ny keirdey. Er lesh ny failleyderyn, she scanshoil eh dy vel ethic obbree lajer ayd, as dy vel oo arryltagh dy obbraghey ooryn neuhaitnyssagh liauyr ‘sy cheird shoh. Ta enney ec obbree arreydagh myr fir aggindagh, cooyrtoil, biall as ammyssagh, as myr shen, er lesh failleyderyn, t’ad cooie er son obbyr hirveishagh chionnee.”^[2] Myr shen, my t’ou er jeet stiagh ayns çheer ennagh as shirrey obbyr, t’eh ny s’assey feddyn obbyr ayns thie ooree na ayns co-lught ennagh raad ta sleih tannaghtyn rish bleeantyn.

Ta reddyn çheet dy ve doillee tra t'ou jeeaghyn er myn-hengaghyn. S'doillee eh çhengey y ynsaghey dy flaaoil, as shen dean arreydee stiagh son y chooid smoo. Va Baarle feer vie ec ny shirveishee venn mee roo, er lhiam. Agh cha ren mee feysht my row Yernish oc ny dyn. Er lhiam nagh cosoylagh eh dy beagh ad er ynsaghey Yernish (marranys, foddee, agh sheiltyn so-hoiggal as cadjin, er lhiam) as cha row mee er son boirey er sleih va loayrt ayns nah hengey hannah.

Agh son y chooid smoo, ayns bea laaoil as ayns buill noa erskyn ooilley, she shirveishee as cooneyderyn shapp ta shin bentyn roo, faagail magh lught-thie as co-obbree. Myr shen, mannagh vel y vyn-hengey oc, shen rheam mooar baghee nagh dod oo cooilleeiney 'sy vyn-hengey, as bwoalley elley jee. Dy jarroo, cha scanshoil eh eer my ta'n çhengey hene oc, agh my ta sleih jerkal dy noddagh ee ve oc as jannoo eab. Mannagh vel y vyn-hengey ec cooid hoshee ("critical mass") dy 'leih ayns çhymbyllaght heshoil ennagh, cha bee oo jerkal dy noddagh ee ve oc. Myr shen, ta tree obbraghyn lhie harrish y cheilley:

Y chied obbyr, shen y fa dy nee myn-hengey t'ayn. Myr shen, cha nel ee ec cagh, eer mastey sleih daase 'syn ard, as cha nel oo jerkal dy vees ee ec cagh.
Y nah obbyr, shen y fa dy nee sleih joarree t'ayn. Ta cooid wooar jeu gynsaghey yn ard-hengey myr nah hengey, agh cha nel cagh (Sostnee ayns Nerin a.r.e.). Agh gyn scansh da shen, cosoylagh rish pobble daase 'syn yn ard, s'foddey ny sloo cosoylagh eh dy beagh y vyn-hengey oc. Myr shen, gyn cowrey ennagh dy vel ee oc, cha nel oo jerkal shen.
Y hreeoo obbyr, shen croghey er y çhymyllaght heshoil. My t'ou uss goll dys thie tashtee, ny thie lheihys, ny oik ny reiltys, ta caa ayn dy bee y vyn-hengey ec ny shirveishee as oikee (ta shen croghey er staydys ny myn-hengey, ayns ayrn). Eer my nee arreydee stiagh t'ayn, s'cosoylagh dy nee ad eab y vyn-hengey y ynsaghey; ny keayrtyn, ta feme leighagh er shen. My t'ou uss goll dys shapp lioaryn Celtiagh, bee oo jerkal çhengey Cheltiagh yn ard y ve oc. My t'ou goaill ayrn 'syn Eisteddfod, t'ou jerkal Bretnish y ve ec dagh ooilley hirveishagh as goaill yindys mannagh vel (wahll, ren mish ec y chooid sloo). Agh ayns shappyn cadjin a.r.e., cha nel eh cho scanshoil da sleih y vyn-hengey y ve oc. Myr shen, my ta shirveishee as cooneyderyn shapp çheet dy ve sleih joarree son y chooid smoo, cha nel oo jerkal y vyn-hengey y ve ec shirveishee.

Liorish shen, cha nel oo jannoo yn eab y vyn-hengey y loayrt ayns shappyn as thieyn bee. As myr fainney aaniartee, mannagh vel sleih loayrt Yernish ayns shappyn as thieyn bee, cha bee shirveishee ny caireyderyn jerkal ee y chlashtyn, as cha bee brod erbee daue ish y ynsaghey. T'eh feer aashagh da myn-hengey rheam baghee y choayl er y fa nagh vel peiagh erbee jannoo ymmyd jee aynsyn, as myr shen t'ee goll er lhiettal, beggan er veggan, dys jesh-chliaghtey as ymmyd thie. Er y laue elley, my t'ou gobbraghey ayns boayl ennagh raad ta sleih loayrt çhengey ennagh dhyt dy mennick, t'eh cur ort smooinaghtyn dy lhisagh oo ish y ynsaghey, eer dys gra daue nagh vel ee ayd. As my t'ou goll stiagh ayns thie bee as clashtyn rish sleih loayrt Bretnish rish ny shirveishee, t'eh dty ghreinney Bretnish roo y loayrt. As ta ooilley shen lhiggey da cagh y vyn-hengey y chliaghtey, as mooadaghey y rheam baghee eck.

Dy firrinagh, cha nel freggyrt erbee aym er y chooish shoh. Cha noddym gra dy "lhisagh" arreydee stiagh ynsaghey myn-hengaghyn ny çheerey noa, ga dy by vie lhiam shen. Ta reddyn doillee dy liooar ayns çheer noa as ynsaghey un hengey noa, gyn boirey er ynsaghey çhengey elley nagh vel ec agh beggan beg jeh'n phobble. Cha nel y doilleeid shoh caghlit dys "sleih joarree" t'er n'ynsaghey Baarle noadyr. Ta ram Sostnee ayns Bretyn, as cha nel mee jerkal Bretnish y ve oc. Ny yei shen, ta mee jannoo eab ny keayrtyn, er y fa dy vel ad ee y ghreinney wheesh as ta kuse dy Hostnee ny h-ynsaghey. Ayns Nerin, eer dy row Yernish hare aym, cha yinnin yn eab Yernish y loayrt rish Sostnee, as ish ec beggan beg dy 'leih eer mastey Yernee. Shen briwnys aigney, cha nel resoon, agh briwnys so-hoiggal er lhiam. As cha nel mee noi lhiggey da arreydee stiagh obbraghey ayns thieyn bee noadyr! She cooish hrimshagh t'ayn gyn feaysley baghtal. Agh s'treisht lhiam dy bee anaase ec peiagh ennagh er ny smooinaghtyn shoh.

Imraaghyn

^[1] Country of birth and labour market outcomes in London: an analysis of Labour Force Survey and Census data. London: Greater London Authority Data Management and Analysis Group, 2005. http://www.london.gov.uk/who-runs-london/mayor/publications/society/facts-and-figures/labour-market-archive

^[2] “Employers mentioned a high turnover of staff (especially for UK workers) as a problem, possibly caused by the negative image the hospitality sector has as comprising low-paid, hard jobs with limited career prospects. Migrants were therefore perceived as fundamental to the successful continuation and growth of this sector. A strong work ethic and being prepared to work long and antisocial hours were seen as critical within the service industry. The attitudes typically associated with migrant workers such as being willing, polite, obedient and respectful were therefore naturally suited to customer service roles.” Employer Perceptions of Migrant Workers Research Report. Learning and Skills Council, 2006, dg. 27. Coad LSC-P-NAT-060574. http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/164/