Tuesday 23 March 2010

Far-chohaaghey sollys ayns kesh er bun Ranaspumin-2

(ennym bunneydagh: Artificial Photosynthesis in Ranaspumin-2 Based Foam)

Nano Letters 5 Mee ny Boaldyn 2010; eddyr-lhieen dy leah (cha nel fys ayn foast er yn ym-lioar as duillagyn)

DOI: 10.1021/nl100550k

David Wendell Jacob Todd as Carlo Montemagno

Biomedical Engineering Department, Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221

Choud’s ta fys aym, cha nel yn art bunneydagh ry-lhaih mannagh vel entreilys ayd da’n earishlioar hene. Ta cur-magh naight Baarle ry-akin ec duillag yn Olloscoill.

Giare-chummey

Ta lossreeyn co-haaghey sollys er son ny femeyn bree oc; t'ad goaill stiagh soilshey ny greiney as daa-ocseed charboan, as jannoo ocsygien as shugyryn assdaue. Dy noddagh shin jannoo ymmyd jeh dys jannoo bree "glass" da deiney, veagh shen ny chooney mooar dooin. Ta oayllee ec Ollooscoill Chincinnati er ngeddyn saase shen y yannoo, foddee. Ren ad ymmyd jeh far-stoo kirpey jeant ass ensymeyn lossreeyn, bacteyryn, rannagyn as fungyssyn, as eshyn ny hoie er kesh.

Reih ad kesh er dy fa dy vel eh co-ghlooghey ny h-ym-obbreeghyn dy mie, agh t'eh lhiggey da aer as soilshey çheet stiagh dy aashagh myrgeddin. Va'n kiaddey rere idd cheshey rannag lieh-ghrianchryssagh, y rannag Túngura (Engystomops pustulosus). Ta'n rannag shoh jannoo kesh feer 'oddey beayn dys jannoo edd da ny rannagyn aegey eck choud's t'ad gaase.

Ymmyd as vondeishyn

Dooyrt Wendell: "Ta vondeish ec y chorys ain er coryssyn lossreeyn as algaghyn. T'eh orroo ram bree y cheau er obbraghyn elley, dys tannaghtyn bio as geddyn sliught. Fodmayd jannoo shugyr ass ooilley bree ny greiney ta goit ain. Chammah's shen, cha nel feme ain er thalloo mie da'n chesh, myr shen, cha bee eh brishey stiagh er troarey."

Ta vondeish elley bentyn rish co-ghlooghey daa-ocseed charboan. Dooyrt Wendell: "Ayns coryssyn lossreeyn dooghyssagh, ta rouyr daa-ocseed charboan dooney co-haaghey sollys, agh ta'n corys ain er bun bacteyragh. Myr shen, foddee eh goll er ayns çhymbyllaghtyn as ram daa-ocseed charboan ayndaue, myr sampleyr, smoghan stashoon lectraghys geayil."

Ta ymmodee vondeishyn da croo kesh gollrish lus.

"Foddee oo jannoo ram stoo ass ny shugyryn, myr sampleyr, ethanol as bea-chonney elley," as Wendell. "As t'eh goaill daa-ocseed charboan ass yn aer, gyn anveaghey thalloo banejagh."

Dooyrt Dean Montemagno: "ta'n çhaghnoaylleeaght shoh taishbyney saase spaarailagh dy yannoo ymmyd jeh fyshoaylleeaght vioagyn, liorish croo sheeloghe noa dy stooghyn obbragh ta covestey obbraghyn bea 'syn troggal oc. Ta'n çhalee shoh taishbyney saase noa dy haglym bree ny greiney dys jannoo ooill ny bee, as shen ny s'fondagh na saaseyn bea-vree ny greiney elley. Er reayrtys s'lheaie, t'eh cur er bun saase dy ghoaill stiagh obbraghyn corysyn bioey ayns corysyn kiaddit as jeant ain."

Myr nah cheim, t'eh foue eab y yannoo dy yannoo y çhaghnoaylleeaght yn-jannoo da ymmydyn elley, myr sampleyr, taartyn carboan ec stashoonyn lectraghys geayil.

Saaseyn

Ta sleih er chur roish dy nodmayd jannoo conney jeh bea-chorpys myr feaysley bree yn-aanoaghey da leodaghey conney fossylagh.1 Cha nel agh mysh 5% jeh çheet dy ve bree yn-ymmydey, er coontey caghliee vioyrid as obbraghyn femoil y chillag. 2 Fodmayd jannoo ethanol ass shugyryn lossreeyn, as ass cuirtlagh villish, switchgrass as corn stover.3-5 Agh veagh eh orrin thalloo as ushtey y chur daue ass y chooid jeorit ain.

Cha nel monney bree ry-gheddyn ass bea-ethanol,3 as myr shen t'ad credjal dy bee 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) ny stoo ynnydagh mie: ta'n ghlooaght vree, poynt broiagh as neulheieys ayns ushtey echey ooilley ny smoo na adsyn t'ec ethanol. Chammah's shen, t'eh yn-jannoo ass carbey-hydraadyn bunneydagh, myr sampleyr glucose ny fructose, as adsyn ry-gheddyn ass bea-chorpys.5

Ta pabyr elley6 soilshaghey dy nodmayd jannoo bea-chohaaghey (biosynthesis) er kesh. Ren ad ATP (adenosine triphosphate) er kesh ass Tween-20 (ny sthoo ghlennee er son bea-chemmig) as bolganyn polymeragh, as ny h-ensymeyn BR synthase as ATP synthase ayndaue. Dod ad jannoo ATP liorish y taase shen.

'Sy phrowaltys shoh, ren ad ymmyd jeh proteen obbree-eaghtyr (surfactant) Ranaspumin-2. Shen jeant ec rannagyn Túngara dys troggal idd. T'eh lhiggey dooin kesh y yannoo ec co-ghlooghey beg, gyn boirey er far-chrackanyn killag; cha dod obbreeyn-eaghtyr laue-jeant shen y chooilleeney.

Ren ad bolganyn as BR/F0F1ATP synthase ayndaue. Bee adsyn co-haaghey ATP. Eisht, hug ad adsyn stiagh 'sy chesh, choud's ensymeyn femeoil y chorys Calvin-Benson-Bassham. Shen yn aawoalley ta jannoo shugyryn lesh ATP, ushtey as daa-ocseed charboan.

Liorish y taase shoh, ghow ad fondid çhyndaa kemmigagh smoo jeh 96%. T'ad credjal dy nod ad jannoo 34.5 thunney dy DMF 'sy hectare 'sy vlein; shen 10x ny smoo na troar bea-chorpys tradishoonagh. T'ad gra dy nod y kesh ve ny hoie er mullee thie, thalloo neueirinagh as nyn lheid. T'ad credjal dy beagh eh sauail ushtey; ta feanish ayn dy beagh troar ethanol ass bea-chorpys ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneyssit jannoo ymmyd jeh 800-4200 leetyr dy ushtey da dagh leetyr dy ethanol, as shen trooid eddyr-ghaalaghey (evapotranspiration) son y chooid smoo.7

  1. Ward, D. A.; Keys, A. J. Photosynth. Res. (1989), 22, 167-171
  2. Zhu, X.-G.; Long, S. P.; Ort, D. R. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. (2008), 19, 153-159
  3. Lynd, L. R.; Cushman, J. H.; Nichols, R. J.; Wyman, C. E. Science (1991), 251 (4999) 1318-1323
  4. Gordon, J. M.; Polle, J. E. W. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2007), 76, 969-975
  5. Román-Leshkov, Y.; Barrett, C. J.; Liu, Z. Y.; Dumesic, J. A. Nat. Lett. (2007), 447, 982-986
  6. Choi, H.-J.; Montemagno, C. Nanotechnology (2006), 17, 2198-2202
  7. Dominguez-Faus, R.; Powers, S. E.; Burken, J. G.; Alvarez, P. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2009), 43 (9) 3005-3010

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