Tuesday, 25 October 2011

Feyshtey feamagh

Mastey ceaughyn traa elley, ta mee gynsaghey çhengaghyn, as Sheenish Vandarin nyn mast'oc. Ta mee er ny h-ynsaghey harrish tree bleeaney nish, neayr's ghow mee toshiaght dys goll da'n Çheen as ynsaghey Baarle ayns ollooscoill ayns Xi'an rish daa vee. Ghow mee ram taitnys jeh'n cheayrt, ga dy row doilleeidyn reirey ayn bentyn rish yn obbyr. Myr sampleyr, va mee gynsaghey Baarle beill as beggan cultoor Goaldagh; va brastyllyn Baarle formoil oc hannah er son screeu as lhaih a.r.e. Agh cha row laare-ynsee erbee ayn! Myr shen, cha row fys aym er c'red v'ad er n'ynsaghey foast, ny c'red by ymmydoil daue, ny c'red verragh dreeys baaish orroo. As cha row eh ro-vaghtal dou ny v'eh orrym ad y ynsaghey, cur tastey da mooadys ny brastyllyn - feed dys daeed, foddey rouyr da brastyl çhengey beill mie. Fy-yerrey, hayrn mee beggan fys assdaue er ny by vie lhieu eh y ynsaghey (obbyr trome), as goll rere shen.

Agh shen skeeal elley da laa elley. Neayr's va mee goaill toshiaght er son y cheayrt shen, ta mee er n'ynsaghey Sheenish Vandarin. Dy firrinagh, ta anaase er ve aym urree rish bleeantyn. As mish ass Lerphoyll, ny bunnys, va stoo Sheenish as "Sheenee" (Scousee son y chooid smoo, s'cosoylagh) ry-akin dy mennick. Tra ghow mee toshiaght studeyrys er çhengaghyn as çhengoaylleeaght y yannoo, hug shin ram geill jee (mastey mraane elley). Shen er y fa dy vel ee mie er enney da cagh, agh ta lhiettrimyssyn eddyr ish as çhengaghyn Ind-Oarpagh. As chammah's shen, ta ram studeyryn Sheenagh (ny as Sheenish Vandarin oc) 'sy rheynn aym. She çhengey aalin t'ayn (ta gagh çhengey aalin*) as ram troyn anaasagh eck, as ec y traa cheddin, she ben cham t'ayn. Ta mee dy kinjagh mollit eck cowraghyn yl-cheeayllagh, ny shenn raa ennagh, ny caillt er y fa nagh vel baarnaghyn erbee dys cowraghey creeaghyn ny focklyn. Agh ta mee goaill ram taitys jeh ynsaghey ish as jannoo ymmyd j'ee, as jeh ny nod mee lhaih nish as beggan Sheenish aym.

Aghterbee! Rish blein nish, ta mee er n'ynsaghey jeh ben-ynsee ass Hunan as shen feer vie. Rish nuy mee, ta mee er n'ynsaghey marish carrey dou ayns co-ynsagh beg, ayns thie-tey son y chooid smoo. Nish t'ee er nyannoo briwnys dy lhisin ynsaghey mychione bee Sheenagh, as ren shin beggan studeyrys er kaart bee noght. As yn çhiaghtin shoh çheet, hemmayd dys thie bee Sheenagh as cooilleeney'n lane oie 'syn Çheenish, my ta shen jantagh. Feyshtey feamagh dy firrinagh (ny bashtey ailey my share lhiat!). Bee eh orrym jannoo ram studeyrys er tasht-fockle Sheenish rish y çhiaghtin shoh çheet...

*agh cha geayll mee rieau çhengey erbee ta cur wheesh graih aym as ny Celtiee as gennaghyn myr undinaght chaillt

Sunday, 23 October 2011

Gyn vree

Er y gherrid, cha nel monney stoo noa jeant aym er son yn ynnyd-eggey beg aym. Dy firrinagh, ta bea er ve trome rish y vlein shoh chaie. Cha nel my vea hene cho olk, agh ta mee tarroogh as fo stroos bentyn rish yn obbyr as reddyn elley. Ta'n rheynn gobbraghey ain arraghey dys troggal elley y sourey shoh hugain, as ta obbyr ass towse ry-yannoo. Agh ta'n lught reirey neuarryltagh briwnys erbee y yannoo, as ta'n ard-ven ersooyl fo asslaynt ennagh kerroo ny bleeaney dagh blein, as cho skee as faase nagh nod ee jannoo monney tra t'ee erash. Myr shen, ta'n lught obbree er nyannoo tooilley obbyr rish daa vlein, as ceaut as skee. Cha nel shen ro-olk dooys, dy firrinagh, agh t'eh jeeaghyn dy vel dagh ainjyssagh aym fo doilleeid trome ennagh; çhingys, mooinjer çhingey, studeyrys gyn raah, argid, staartaghyn, cooish ghraih chrampagh... as myr shen ta aeraght trome as groamey er feie ny caayrey. T'eh cur lhag-chreeys orrym as cha nel eh greinney aittys ny gientynaght - ny bree.

Liorish ooilley shen, cha nel monney bree aynym ny laghyn shoh, as s'doillee eh red ennagh y screeu. Ta shalee ny ghaa foym as lieh-yeant, agh cha nel traa ny breeaghys aym ad y chooilleeney. Chammah's shen, mannagh vel glout dy hraa ayd, cha aashagh eh reddyn gientynagh y yannoo dy corrym. T'ou jummal traa liorish smooinaghtyn er c'red v'ou jannoo, ny shirrey noteyn, ny shirrey er y vree skeeeallagh v'aynyd y keayrt s'jerree. Myr shen, ga dy by vie lhiam red ennagh noa y chur magh, ta mee aareaghey ny skeealyn ta caghlaait ny screeuit aym hannah, obbyr gyn feme er wheesh bree. S'treisht lhiam dy bee caa aym red ennagh noa y yannoo dy leah.

Thursday, 22 September 2011

Shirveishee as Myn-hengaghyn

Rish y touree, ren mee turrys dys Nerin rish my ayr as moir, er son y chied cheayrt rieau bentyn rhym pene. Red naareydagh dou, as mish ass y Wirral. Hannee shin ayns thieyn oastey as gee ayns thieyn bee; ga dy vel shin cummal ayns bwaane er mayl ny keayrtyn, v’eh foin fakin beggan jeh’n çheer, as cha aashagh shen as bwaaneyn er mayl rish lane hiaghtin. Hannee shin ayns Divlyn as Corkee, as shen dy liooar ayns shiaghtin, ga dy bare lhiam boayl ennagh çheerey y nah cheayrt.

Agh cha nee lioar-voggyl t'ayn, as cha nel eh foym jannoo coontys jeh'n turrys. Ta red ny ghaa ry-ghra aym er myn-hengaghyn.

Myr dooyrt mee, va shin cummal ayns thieyn oastey as gee ayns thieyn bee, gyn çheet er ny thieyn ooree ass towse. Liorish shen, hug my ner quoid dy hirveishee nagh row ass Nerin. Dy firrinagh, rere blass as enmyn as ny dooyrt uss dooin ny keayrtyn, va’n chooid smoo jeu ass yn Oarpey Hiar. Shimmey cooneyder shapp v’assjee myrgeddin. Ta’n red cheddin ry-akin ayns ymmodee buill, as (yiarrins) buill hurrysagh erskyn ooilley, er y fa dy vel lheid yn obbyr ry-gheddyn ayndaue, agh cha nel shen agh my heiltyn. Dys shaghney boirey erbee, lhig dou gra nish nagh vel mee shassoo n’oi; ta kiart ec peiagh erbee dy obbraghey ayns boayl erbee, er lhiam. Agh hug my ner eh er y fa dy row mee cur ram tastey da ny shirveishee. As mish my hengeyder jeean, va mee geaishtagh er son Yernish, as er son caa beggan j’ee y loayrt. Cha nel agh beggan Yernish aym, agh v’eh foym yn eab y yannoo. Cha dooar mee agh beggan dy Yernee, ayns thieyn tashtee son y chooid smoo, as va reireyderyn ny thieyn oastey nyn Yernee myrgeddin.

Dy firrinagh, s’cosoylagh dy bee reddyn cosoylagh ry-akin raad erbee. Ta staartaghyn oastey as kiarail bee er faill veg son y chooid smoo; ayns caayryn, ta lheid yn obbyr jeant ec sleih joarree dy mennick (chammah’s troggal, thieyn greasey, a.r.e.). Myr sampleyr, ayns Lunnin, ta 60% dy staartaghyn thie oast as thie bee jeant ec arredee stiagh.[1] Shen daa wheesh as ny keirdyn elley, fo ny harrish. Foddee dy vel shen er y fa nagh vel ad shirrey rouyr teishtyn dys geddyn obbyr; ta shen doillee ayns çheer joarree. Foddee dy vel eh er y fa nagh vel ad jerkal jeed y çhengey y ve ayd dy flaaoil, as t’eh cur caa dhyt ee y chliaghtey. Foddee dy vel eh er y fa nagh verragh sleih obbyr elley jeed. As dy dooghyssagh, ta staartaghyn noa ry-gheddyn dy mennick, liorish caghlaa caireyder ny shenn obbree faagail er son red ennagh er faill hare. Rere ronsaghey y Learning and Skills Council: “Dooyrt failleyderyn dy row caghlaa obbree (as obbree RU erskyn ooilley) ny ghoilleeid, er coontey ambee ny keirdey oltee myr nane as staartaghyn creoiey er faill voght eck, gyn monney cosoylaght ardjee, foddee. Myr shen, er lhieu dy row arreydee stiagh undinagh da cummal seose as aase ny keirdey. Er lesh ny failleyderyn, she scanshoil eh dy vel ethic obbree lajer ayd, as dy vel oo arryltagh dy obbraghey ooryn neuhaitnyssagh liauyr ‘sy cheird shoh. Ta enney ec obbree arreydagh myr fir aggindagh, cooyrtoil, biall as ammyssagh, as myr shen, er lesh failleyderyn, t’ad cooie er son obbyr hirveishagh chionnee.”[2] Myr shen, my t’ou er jeet stiagh ayns çheer ennagh as shirrey obbyr, t’eh ny s’assey feddyn obbyr ayns thie ooree na ayns co-lught ennagh raad ta sleih tannaghtyn rish bleeantyn.

Ta reddyn çheet dy ve doillee tra t'ou jeeaghyn er myn-hengaghyn. S'doillee eh çhengey y ynsaghey dy flaaoil, as shen dean arreydee stiagh son y chooid smoo. Va Baarle feer vie ec ny shirveishee venn mee roo, er lhiam. Agh cha ren mee feysht my row Yernish oc ny dyn. Er lhiam nagh cosoylagh eh dy beagh ad er ynsaghey Yernish (marranys, foddee, agh sheiltyn so-hoiggal as cadjin, er lhiam) as cha row mee er son boirey er sleih va loayrt ayns nah hengey hannah.

Agh son y chooid smoo, ayns bea laaoil as ayns buill noa erskyn ooilley, she shirveishee as cooneyderyn shapp ta shin bentyn roo, faagail magh lught-thie as co-obbree. Myr shen, mannagh vel y vyn-hengey oc, shen rheam mooar baghee nagh dod oo cooilleeiney 'sy vyn-hengey, as bwoalley elley jee. Dy jarroo, cha scanshoil eh eer my ta'n çhengey hene oc, agh my ta sleih jerkal dy noddagh ee ve oc as jannoo eab. Mannagh vel y vyn-hengey ec cooid hoshee ("critical mass") dy 'leih ayns çhymbyllaght heshoil ennagh, cha bee oo jerkal dy noddagh ee ve oc. Myr shen, ta tree obbraghyn lhie harrish y cheilley:

Y chied obbyr, shen y fa dy nee myn-hengey t'ayn. Myr shen, cha nel ee ec cagh, eer mastey sleih daase 'syn ard, as cha nel oo jerkal dy vees ee ec cagh.
Y nah obbyr, shen y fa dy nee sleih joarree t'ayn. Ta cooid wooar jeu gynsaghey yn ard-hengey myr nah hengey, agh cha nel cagh (Sostnee ayns Nerin a.r.e.). Agh gyn scansh da shen, cosoylagh rish pobble daase 'syn yn ard, s'foddey ny sloo cosoylagh eh dy beagh y vyn-hengey oc. Myr shen, gyn cowrey ennagh dy vel ee oc, cha nel oo jerkal shen.
Y hreeoo obbyr, shen croghey er y çhymyllaght heshoil. My t'ou uss goll dys thie tashtee, ny thie lheihys, ny oik ny reiltys, ta caa ayn dy bee y vyn-hengey ec ny shirveishee as oikee (ta shen croghey er staydys ny myn-hengey, ayns ayrn). Eer my nee arreydee stiagh t'ayn, s'cosoylagh dy nee ad eab y vyn-hengey y ynsaghey; ny keayrtyn, ta feme leighagh er shen. My t'ou uss goll dys shapp lioaryn Celtiagh, bee oo jerkal çhengey Cheltiagh yn ard y ve oc. My t'ou goaill ayrn 'syn Eisteddfod, t'ou jerkal Bretnish y ve ec dagh ooilley hirveishagh as goaill yindys mannagh vel (wahll, ren mish ec y chooid sloo). Agh ayns shappyn cadjin a.r.e., cha nel eh cho scanshoil da sleih y vyn-hengey y ve oc. Myr shen, my ta shirveishee as cooneyderyn shapp çheet dy ve sleih joarree son y chooid smoo, cha nel oo jerkal y vyn-hengey y ve ec shirveishee.

Liorish shen, cha nel oo jannoo yn eab y vyn-hengey y loayrt ayns shappyn as thieyn bee. As myr fainney aaniartee, mannagh vel sleih loayrt Yernish ayns shappyn as thieyn bee, cha bee shirveishee ny caireyderyn jerkal ee y chlashtyn, as cha bee brod erbee daue ish y ynsaghey. T'eh feer aashagh da myn-hengey rheam baghee y choayl er y fa nagh vel peiagh erbee jannoo ymmyd jee aynsyn, as myr shen t'ee goll er lhiettal, beggan er veggan, dys jesh-chliaghtey as ymmyd thie. Er y laue elley, my t'ou gobbraghey ayns boayl ennagh raad ta sleih loayrt çhengey ennagh dhyt dy mennick, t'eh cur ort smooinaghtyn dy lhisagh oo ish y ynsaghey, eer dys gra daue nagh vel ee ayd. As my t'ou goll stiagh ayns thie bee as clashtyn rish sleih loayrt Bretnish rish ny shirveishee, t'eh dty ghreinney Bretnish roo y loayrt. As ta ooilley shen lhiggey da cagh y vyn-hengey y chliaghtey, as mooadaghey y rheam baghee eck.

Dy firrinagh, cha nel freggyrt erbee aym er y chooish shoh. Cha noddym gra dy "lhisagh" arreydee stiagh ynsaghey myn-hengaghyn ny çheerey noa, ga dy by vie lhiam shen. Ta reddyn doillee dy liooar ayns çheer noa as ynsaghey un hengey noa, gyn boirey er ynsaghey çhengey elley nagh vel ec agh beggan beg jeh'n phobble. Cha nel y doilleeid shoh caghlit dys "sleih joarree" t'er n'ynsaghey Baarle noadyr. Ta ram Sostnee ayns Bretyn, as cha nel mee jerkal Bretnish y ve oc. Ny yei shen, ta mee jannoo eab ny keayrtyn, er y fa dy vel ad ee y ghreinney wheesh as ta kuse dy Hostnee ny h-ynsaghey. Ayns Nerin, eer dy row Yernish hare aym, cha yinnin yn eab Yernish y loayrt rish Sostnee, as ish ec beggan beg dy 'leih eer mastey Yernee. Shen briwnys aigney, cha nel resoon, agh briwnys so-hoiggal er lhiam. As cha nel mee noi lhiggey da arreydee stiagh obbraghey ayns thieyn bee noadyr! She cooish hrimshagh t'ayn gyn feaysley baghtal. Agh s'treisht lhiam dy bee anaase ec peiagh ennagh er ny smooinaghtyn shoh.

Imraaghyn


[1] Country of birth and labour market outcomes in London: an analysis of Labour Force Survey and Census data. London: Greater London Authority Data Management and Analysis Group, 2005. http://www.london.gov.uk/who-runs-london/mayor/publications/society/facts-and-figures/labour-market-archive

[2] “Employers mentioned a high turnover of staff (especially for UK workers) as a problem, possibly caused by the negative image the hospitality sector has as comprising low-paid, hard jobs with limited career prospects. Migrants were therefore perceived as fundamental to the successful continuation and growth of this sector. A strong work ethic and being prepared to work long and antisocial hours were seen as critical within the service industry. The attitudes typically associated with migrant workers such as being willing, polite, obedient and respectful were therefore naturally suited to customer service roles.” Employer Perceptions of Migrant Workers Research Report. Learning and Skills Council, 2006, dg. 27. Coad LSC-P-NAT-060574. http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/164/

Tuesday, 23 August 2011

Y Joarree, liorish Lovecraft

Notey: Va sannish gloo as shenn-emshiragh er y skeeal shen hug ennaghtyn joaney as dullyr er. Ren mee my chooid shen yn ennaghtyn cheddin y chur er y lhieggey Gaelg; myr shen, ta shenn-chaaynt ry-akin ayn nish as reesht.

Haink ashlish donney er y Varran creoi
As ad nyn gadley, shimmey scaa-doo loau
Ayns cummey buitçh as jouyll as beishteig ghrouw
Voir er ny goaldee.
—Keats (The Eve of St. Agnes).

Nagh treih eshyn nagh vow ayns cooinaghtyn aegid agh aggle as meevaynrys! Nagh treih eshyn ta jeeaghyn ny yei er ooryn ny lomarcan ayns shamyryn buillvollee groamey, lane dy hapeishyn dhoney as straihyn baanragh dy henn lioaryn; ny er ammyn atçhimagh ayns keylljyn keeiragh raad ta biljyn foawragh arraghtagh fo ghreim raiseyder sheeyney seose banglaneyn caslagh foddey er-e-skynn nyn dost! Shen y cronney hug ny jeeghyn orryms - orryms t'er shaghryn, mollit, follym, brisht. As gyn y wooise da, ta mee bwooiagh aght ennagh, as ta mee greimmey dy çhionn er ny cooinaghtyn lhomey shen tra ta'n aigney aym sheeyney magh gys shirrey er fir elley.

Cha s'aym cre'n y voayl ruggyree, agh by henn ass towse as owanagh ass towse y cashtal shid. Shimmey limmer dorraghey v'ayn, as sar-vullee ardjey oc, raad nagh dooar my ghaa hooill agh sneeuaneyn as scaaghyn. By hash graynoil dy kinjagh claghyn ny gorradoyryn tholtanagh, as hannee soar breinn mollaghtagh trooid y clane, myr veih merriu charnaneagh ny h-eashyn. Cha vrish soilshey erbee y vurgeeaght rieau, as ny keayrtyn, doad mee cainleyn as blakey orroo er son couyr ennagh; cha daink soilshey ny greiney dou noadyr trooid ny biljyn eajee daase foddey erskyn toor s'yrdjey roshtynagh y chashtal. Va toor doo ynrican ny hassoo ny s'yrdjey foast, as heeyn eshyn ass shilley 'sy speyr do-akin dou; agh by lieh-vrisht eh, as yn aght ynrican dy chosney, veagh shen drappal neuyantagh, bunnys, greim as greim seose y voalley cloaie jeeragh.

Shegin dou er gummal 'sy voayl rish bleeantyn, agh cha noddym ad y howse. Shegin da bioee er ngoaill kiarail jeem, agh cha gooin lhiam peiagh erbee agh mee hene; dy firrinagh, cha gooin lhiam red bio erbee agh roddanyn as craitnagyn as feederyn tostagh. Y voandyr yarroodit hrog mee, shegin jee er ve shenn atçhimagh; y chied sheiltynys v'aym er peiagh, shen red gollrhym pene gys fannidys, agh cassit as shirgit as loauaghey myr ren y cashtal. Cha dooar mee arraghtaght erbee jeh ny craueyn as ushylee skeayll harrish shiartanse dy chabbalyn cloaie dowiney mastey ny binn. Ard-yindyssagh myr t'eh, va lheid ny reddyn laaoil dooys, as ny smoo dooghyssagh na ny cummaghyn daahit bioee hooar mee ayns lioaryn er lheeah. Jynsee mee y clane fys aym jeusyn. Cha dug ynseyder erbee greinney ny stiurey dooys, as cha gooin lhiam clashtyn coraa erbee er feie ny bleeantyn liauyrey — eer my choraa hene; ga dy row mee er lhiah jeh glare, cha row yn eie rieau er duittym orrym eab er y jannoo. Hug mee wheesh dy neuhastey da'n chummey orrym; cha row scaane erbee 'sy chastal, as myr shen, heill mee my hene rere ny sleih aegey dooar mee tayrnit as daahit ayns ny lioaryn. Dennee mee my aegid er coontey'n veggan cooinaghtyn v'aym.

Çheumooie, harrish y jeeg vreinn as fo ny biljyn dorraghey tostey, lhie mee dy mennick as ceau ooryn fo ashlish er cooid ny lioaryn; as mian lajer orrym, heill mee mee hene mastey çhionnal gennal 'syn teihll grianagh foddey jeh'n cheyll gyn chaghliagh. Keayrt dy row, ren mee eab dy scapail jeh'n cheyll, agh ny s'odjey hie mee jeh'n chashtal, ny s'glooey yn doorey as ny strimmey atçhim groamagh ny h-aerey; derrey roie mee erash er çhea fo aggle ragh mee er coayl ayns cartage host ny h-oie.

As er fud coleayrtys gyn yerrey ren mee dreamal as fuirriaghtyn, gyn enney er ny duirree mee er. Eisht my lomarcan scaadooagh daase lheid y vian aynym er sollys nagh dod mee surranse foast, as skeayll mee laueyn aghinagh cour y toor doo brisht ynrican jirree erskyn ny keylley gys y speyr mooie neuakinit. As fy-yerrey chiar mee y toor y ghrappal, dy duittin ny gyn; ny share shilley jeh'n speyr as baase neesht y gheddyn, na bea veayn gyn fakin arragh laa.

'Sy choleayrtys tash ghrapp mee ny shenn ghreeishyn craiuit derrey rosh mee y brishey, as eisht chrog dy cryggylagh er greimyn beggey jirree seose. Nagh by ghrouw as agglagh eh y speek chloaie varroo gyn ghreeish! Doo as brisht, as treigit, as baggyrtagh lesh craitnagyn moostey jirree er skianyn tostey. Agh ny s'grouwey as ny s'aggley foast va meillid my irree; ga dy ghrapp mee lesh ooilley my niart, cha hannee y dorraghys er-my-skyn, as skeayll feayraght noa my hrooid myr shenn lheeah scaanjoonagh. Va mee er craa tra smooinee mee cre'n fa nagh rosh mee y soilshey, as yinnin er nyeeaghyn seose dy b'lhoys dou. Heill mee dy row yn oie er duittym orrym çhelleeragh, as loaght lesh laue follym er sprey, gys blakey magh as seose as towse yn yrjid v’er ny chosney aym; agh cha dooar mee fer erbee.

Dy doaltattym, lurg beaynid atçhim drappal my ghellid seose yn eaynin coobagh gaueagh shid, venn my chione rish nhee fondagh as hoig mee dy row mee er gosney y mullagh, ny laare ennagh er y chooid sloo. ‘Sy dorraghys, heeyn magh my laue follym y lhiettrim y phrowal, as hooar mee dy row eh neuscughee as cloaie. Eisht keayrt varrooagh mygeayrt y toor, croghey er greim erbee va ry-gheddyn er y woalley shliawin; derrey darree y lhiettrim fo my laue prowee as hyndaa mee seose reesht. Heiy my chione er y leac ny dorrys, as mish croghey er daa laue er son y drappal agglagh. Cha daink soilshey erbee neose, agh heeyn my laueyn seose as feddyn magh dy beagh jerrey er drappal rish tammylt. Va’n leac ny cooylley hroggee da barney ayns laare chloaie rea, ny shlea na crantessen y toor; laare hamyr yeeaghee reamyssagh ard ennagh, gyn ourys. Snaue mee ny hrooid dy kiarailagh, as jannoo eab gyn lhiggey da’n leac hrome tuittym erash ‘sy voayl eck, agh cha daink lhiam shen. As mish my lhie er troggloo er y laare chloaie, cheayll mee mactullee neuheiltagh e tuittym, agh va doghys aym dy noddin e fosley rere feme.

Er lhiam dy row mee feer ard nish, foddey erskyn banglaneyn mollaghtagh ny keylley. Jirree mee dy loaganagh as loaghtey er son uinniag, do oddin fakin y speyr son y chied cheayrt, as yn eayst as ny rollageyn lhaih mee jeu. Agh va mee mollit er dagh çheu; cha dooar mee agh skellooghyn marmyr buillvollee lane dy chishtaghyn dronuillagagh eajee er mooadys boiragh. Smooinee mee er dy trome, as sheiltyn ny shenn ‘olliaghtyn oddagh tannaghtyn ‘sy thie ard shoh, er ny rheynn veih’n chashtal rish wheesh dy eashyn. Eisht, gyn yerkallys, dooar my laueyn doarlish, as dorrys cloaie garroo quaagh-e-ghrainney croghey ayn. Phrow mee eh, as feddyn magh dy row eh fo ghlass; agh lesh freayney niart, hug mee fo chosh dagh lhiettrimys as tayrn stiagh eh. Liorishyn haink dou yn eunys s’glenney dennee mee rieau: trooid cleeah yiarn yesheenagh, sheese roie greeishyn cloaie jirree seose voish y dorrys noa-feddynit, hoilshean lane-eayst lossanagh nagh vaik mee rieau roish shen agh ayns slammyn as ashlishyn neuhickyr nagh lhoys dou enmys myr cooinaghtyn.

Hoig mee dy nhegin dou er roshtyn eer veinn y chashtal, as goaill toshiaght dy roie seose ny greeishyn goaney trooid y dorrys; agh huitt coodagh bodjallagh harrish yn eayst dy doaltattym as cur orrym snapperal, as loaght mee er son y raad dy moal 'sy dorraghys. By ghorraghey foast eh tra rosh mee yn chleeah; phrow mee ee dy kiarailagh as feddyn magh nagh row ee fo ghlass, agh cha doshil mee ish er aggle dy duittin veih'n yrjid thanvaneagh va mee er nrappal da. Eisht haink ree yn eayst.

Y yindys s'jouyllee erskyn ooilley, shen yindys gyn yerkallys as neuchredjallagh gys arraghtaght. Cha row taghyrt erbee er chur aggle orrym cosoylagh rish ny honnick mee nish; rish yindyssyn joarree chowree y reayrtys shid. Va'n reayrtys shen cho cadjin as v'eh sevreainagh: raad yerk mee reayrtys bir viljyn voish mullagh ard verragh thollaneys orrym, heeyn magh thalloo fondagh er my cheim pene çheu elley ny cleeahey, stooamit as jesheenit lesh leacyn as collooyn marmyr, as y clane fo scaa shenn cheeill chloaie as speek vrisht eck lonree dy neuheiltagh fo hoilshey ny h-eayst.

Lieh my neealloo, doshil mee y chleeah as loaganey magh gys cassan shillee vane heeyn magh er daa heu. Wheesh dallit as fud-y-cheilley as va my aigney, va mian keoie urree er sollys, as cha dod eer y taghyrt ard-yindyssagh shoh my lhiettal. Cha s’aym my she ashlish ny baanrid ny obbeeys v’ayn, as by gummey lhiam eh; begin dou fakin gennalys as bioyrid gyn scansh da’n leagh. Cha s’aym quoi ny c’red ny c’raad va mish; agh tra skyrree mee roym, haink orrym enney er cooinaghtyn follit owanagh ennagh hug orrym ennaghtyn nagh nee immeeaght lane taghyrtagh v’ayn. Hie mee fo aae magh ass thalloo ny leacyn as collooyn, as rouail trooid çheer follym; rish raad baghtal ny keayrtyn, agh ny keayrtyn elley daag mee eh er fa quaagh ennagh gys shooyl harrish lheeantyn gyn agh tholtan goan myr feanish shenn raad caillt. Snaue mee harrish awin tappee raad chowree seyirsaght chloaie voghlaneagh, coadit lesh keynnagh, dy row droghad ayn keayrt dy row.

Begin da daa oor er ngoll shaghey roish my rosh mee y dean gyn enney aym: shenn chashtal hibbinagh ayns pairk cheylljagh ghloo. V’eh ainjyssagh torçhagh dou, agh lane dy yoarreeaght anveaghee. Honnick mee dy row y chlash ushtey lhieent, as kuse jeh ny tooryn ainjyssagh er nyn lhieggey; choud’s va buin noa ayns gys molley y dooinney fakin. Agh erskyn ooilley hug mee geill da ny h-uinnagyn foshlit, as hug adsyn eunys dooys — v’ad lonraghey lesh sollys aalin as deayrtey magh sheeanyn giense gennal ass sheiltyn. Hooill mee gys nane jeu as jeeaghyn stiagh er lught coamrit quaagh dy liooar; v’ad cummal reaid as coloayrt dy bioyr. V’eh baghtal nagh row mee rieau er glashtyn glare deiney; as cha dod mee agh sheiltyn ny v’ad gra. Er eddin nish as reesht ‘sy lught, honnick mee dreagh ghooisht aachooinaghtyn ass duinid foddey; va fir elley lane joarree.

Eisht ren mee kesmad roym trooid yn uinnag injil stiagh ayns y çhamyr hollysh er bashtal, as liorishyn ren mee kesmad veih’n tullagh lomarcan doghys sollysh ayms gys my heaym s’dorraghey rieau jeh dooghid as toiggal. Haink y tromlhie dy tappee; as mish çheet stiagh, haink my vlaa y taishbyney s’agglee heill mee rieau. Eer as mish goll harrish y leac uinnag, huitt atçhim jeean graynoil er y lane çheshaght çhelleeragh as gyn raaue erbee. Chammee eh dagh eddin as tayrn magh yllee agglagh ass dagh scoarnagh. Hyndaa ad myrane lesh y cheilley as çhea, as mastey boiraneys as sevreain y çhionnal, huitt kuse jeu neeal, derrey hayrn caarjyn er çhea ad ersooyl maroo. Cheau fir jeu laueyn harrish nyn sooillyn, as loaganey dy doal as staagagh lesh scapail; chledd ad stoo thie as bwoalley noi ny boallaghyn roish my dod ad roshtyn dorrys ennagh as skellal roish.

B’agglagh y screeaghey; as mish my hassoo lomarcan er shaghryn ‘sy çhamyr hollysh, clashtyn rish yn aawoalley jeu skellal rish, va mee er craa liorish sheiltyn ny va sleetçhal mygeayrt ass my hilley. Ec y chied hilley neuchooishagh, er lhiam dy row y çhamyr follym; agh tra hooill mee cour cuilleig ennagh, heill mee dy chronn mee red ennagh. Va sannish arraghey ennagh çheu elley jeh aae airh-oirrit doshil er shamyr elley gollrish y fer va mee ayn. As mish tayrn er gerrey da, b’leayrey dou ny v’aynjee; as eisht, lesh y chied heean as jerrinagh ren mee coraaghey – ny screeaghey feohdoil hug wheesh grayn orrym as y bun dwoaiagh jeh – honnick mee dy baghtal as owanagh y beisht do-heiltyn, do-hoilshaghey, do-ghra v’er nyannoo griaght cheoie er çhea jeh lught gennal liorish çheet rish ynrican.

Cha noddym cur sannish hene diu er; v’eh ny chovestey jeh dagh ooilley red neughlen, neughooghyssagh, feohdagh as dwoaiagh. She scaa gowlagh loauys, shenndaght as treihys v’ayn; eidolon breinn yngyragh taishbyney anchasherick; roostey atçhimagh ny lhisagh y thalloo myghinagh follaghey er son dy bragh. Ta fys ec Jee nagh row eh jeh’n teihll shoh – ny nagh lhisagh eh ve foast – agh fo atçhim ass towse, hoig mee y cummey crimmit gys taishbyney craueyn myr arrish craidagh graney jeh cummey deiney; as hug quallid ennagh erskyn insh ‘syn eaddagh ooiragh v’echey ny smoo scoagh foast orrym.

Va mee bunnys kyrloghit, agh va bree dy liooar faagit aynym eab faase er scapail y yannoo; ny snapperal erash nagh vrish y gess va’n veishteig gyn ennym ny coraa cur orrym. Fo ghruiaght ny gruinnagyn marroo vlak cho agglagh orrym, dobb my ghaa hooill dy ghooney; agh v’ad dullyr, bwooise da Jee, as erreish da’n chied woalley, cha hoilshee ad y nhee atçhimagh dy cronnal. Ren mee eab my laue y hroggal gys dooney magh ny vaik mee, agh cha dod my laue cur lane viallys fo hrimmid y greain nearagagh v’orrym. Agh va’n eab dy liooar mish y chur ass cormid, as v’eh orrym loaganey roym kesmad ny ghaa do nagh duittin. Hug mee my ner dy angaishagh cho faggys va’n red convayrtagh, as lieh-heill mee dy cheayll mee eh tayrn ennal dy mooghit graney. Dobbyr dou goll ass my cheeayll, agh haink rhym my laue y cheau roym gys castey yn arragh breinn ying stiagh orrym; as eisht, myr tullagh co-leaystagh scoagh ooilley-stroiagh as taghyrt iurinagh, venn my vair rish maaig loauaghey sheeynt ny beishteig fo’n aae airhey.

Cha dyllee mee, agh ‘sy tullagh cheddin dyllee dagh ooilley ghowl ta markiagh er geay ny h-oie er-my-hon, tra huitt lhieggey cooinaghtyn giare-heiltagh er my aigney as cur lesh my annym gys veg. Ayns y tullagh shid by chooin lhiam dagh ooilley red; by chooin lhiam ny va çheu elley y chashtal agglagh as ny viljyn, as haink enney orrym er y troggal ceaghlit va mee my hoie aynsyn nish; as atçhim erskyn ooilley, haink enney orrym er y jalloo dwoaiagh anchasherick vlak orrym as mish tayrn magh my veir sollit veih ny veir echey.

Agh ta shelliu ‘sy chruinney myrgeddin as sherruid, as she lus y gheu t’ayn. Liorish scoagh jerrinagh y tullagh shen yarrood mee ny v’er chur lheid yn atçhim orrym, as skell magh y thooilley drogh-chooinaghtyn ayns corvaal jallooyn mactullee. Roie mee fo ashlish veih’n troggal mollaghtagh scaanagh, tappee as tost fo hoilshey ny h-eayst. Tra rosh mee y ruillick varmyragh as goll sheese ny greeishyn, hooar magh mee nagh row y cooylley hroggee chloaie ry-hroggal reesht; agh cha treih lhiam eh. Va dwoaie aym er y çhenn chashtal as ny biljyn. Nish ta mee markiagh marish gowlyn craidagh as caarjagh er geay ny h-oie, as ‘sy laa ta shin cloie mastey oaiaghyn Nephren-Ka ayns glion Hodath sealit as follit rish y Neel. Ta fys aym nagh row soilshey cooie dou, er lhimmey jeh soilshey ny h-eayst harrish tommanyn cloaie Neb, as cha nel reaid cooie dou agh feaillaghyn gyn ennym Nitokris fo’n Phyramid Mooar; agh seyr as feie as ta mee nish, ta mee bunnys cur failt er sherruid joarreeys.

Ga dy vel lus y gheu er my chiunaghey, ta fys aym dy kinjagh dy nee joarree t’ayn; joarree ‘syn eash shoh as mastey adsyn ta nyn neiney foast. Ta’n fys shoh er ve aym dy kinjagh neayr’s heeyn magh mee my veir da’n dwoaiagh ‘syn aae airhey vooar shid; heeyn magh my veir as bentyn rish eaghtyr feayr as anchorragh kerrin glonney gloasit.


The Outsider

Note: This story was originally written in a dense and semi-archaic style that helps to evoke a cobwebby, gloomy atmosphere. I have tried to maintain that feel in the translation, so the Manx has a few archaisms of its own.

Unhappy is he to whom the memories of childhood bring only fear and sadness. Wretched is he who looks back upon lone hours in vast and dismal chambers with brown hangings and maddening rows of antique books, or upon awed watches in twilight groves of grotesque, gigantic, and vine-encumbered trees that silently wave twisted branches far aloft. Such a lot the gods gave to me—to me, the dazed, the disappointed; the barren, the broken. And yet I am strangely content, and cling desperately to those sere memories, when my mind momentarily threatens to reach beyond to the other.

I know not where I was born, save that the castle was infinitely old and infinitely horrible; full of dark passages and having high ceilings where the eye could find only cobwebs and shadows. The stones in the crumbling corridors seemed always hideously damp, and there was an accursed smell everywhere, as of the piled-up corpses of dead generations. It was never light, so that I used sometimes to light candles and gaze steadily at them for relief; nor was there any sun outdoors, since the terrible trees grew high above the topmost accessible tower. There was one black tower which reached above the trees into the unknown outer sky, but that was partly ruined and could not be ascended save by a well-nigh impossible climb up the sheer wall, stone by stone.

I must have lived years in this place, but I cannot measure the time. Beings must have cared for my needs, yet I cannot recall any person except myself; or anything alive but the noiseless rats and bats and spiders. I think that whoever nursed me must have been shockingly aged, since my first conception of a living person was that of something mockingly like myself, yet distorted, shrivelled, and decaying like the castle. To me there was nothing grotesque in the bones and skeletons that strowed some of the stone crypts deep down among the foundations. I fantastically associated these things with every-day events, and thought them more natural than the coloured pictures of living beings which I found in many of the mouldy books. From such books I learned all that I know. No teacher urged or guided me, and I do not recall hearing any human voice in all those years—not even my own; for although I had read of speech, I had never thought to try to speak aloud. My aspect was a matter equally unthought of, for there were no mirrors in the castle, and I merely regarded myself by instinct as akin to the youthful figures I saw drawn and painted in the books. I felt conscious of youth because I remembered so little.

Outside, across the putrid moat and under the dark mute trees, I would often lie and dream for hours about what I read in the books; and would longingly picture myself amidst gay crowds in the sunny world beyond the endless forest. Once I tried to escape from the forest, but as I went farther from the castle the shade grew denser and the air more filled with brooding fear; so that I ran frantically back lest I lose my way in a labyrinth of nighted silence.

So through endless twilights I dreamed and waited, though I knew not what I waited for. Then in the shadowy solitude my longing for light grew so frantic that I could rest no more, and I lifted entreating hands to the single black ruined tower that reached above the forest into the unknown outer sky. And at last I resolved to scale that tower, fall though I might; since it were better to glimpse the sky and perish, than to live without ever beholding day.

In the dank twilight I climbed the worn and aged stone stairs till I reached the level where they ceased, and thereafter clung perilously to small footholds leading upward. Ghastly and terrible was that dead, stairless cylinder of rock; black, ruined, and deserted, and sinister with startled bats whose wings made no noise. But more ghastly and terrible still was the slowness of my progress; for climb as I might, the darkness overhead grew no thinner, and a new chill as of haunted and venerable mould assailed me. I shivered as I wondered why I did not reach the light, and would have looked down had I dared. I fancied that night had come suddenly upon me, and vainly groped with one free hand for a window embrasure, that I might peer out and above, and try to judge the height I had attained.

All at once, after an infinity of awesome, sightless crawling up that concave and desperate precipice, I felt my head touch a solid thing, and I knew I must have gained the roof, or at least some kind of floor. In the darkness I raised my free hand and tested the barrier, finding it stone and immovable. Then came a deadly circuit of the tower, clinging to whatever holds the slimy wall could give; till finally my testing hand found the barrier yielding, and I turned upward again, pushing the slab or door with my head as I used both hands in my fearful ascent. There was no light revealed above, and as my hands went higher I knew that my climb was for the nonce ended; since the slab was the trap-door of an aperture leading to a level stone surface of greater circumference than the lower tower, no doubt the floor of some lofty and capacious observation chamber. I crawled through carefully, and tried to prevent the heavy slab from falling back into place; but failed in the latter attempt. As I lay exhausted on the stone floor I heard the eerie echoes of its fall, but hoped when necessary to pry it open again.

Believing I was now at a prodigious height, far above the accursed branches of the wood, I dragged myself up from the floor and fumbled about for windows, that I might look for the first time upon the sky, and the moon and stars of which I had read. But on every hand I was disappointed; since all that I found were vast shelves of marble, bearing odious oblong boxes of disturbing size. More and more I reflected, and wondered what hoary secrets might abide in this high apartment so many aeons cut off from the castle below. Then unexpectedly my hands came upon a doorway, where hung a portal of stone, rough with strange chiselling. Trying it, I found it locked; but with a supreme burst of strength I overcame all obstacles and dragged it open inward. As I did so there came to me the purest ecstasy I have ever known; for shining tranquilly through an ornate grating of iron, and down a short stone passageway of steps that ascended from the newly found doorway, was the radiant full moon, which I had never before seen save in dreams and in vague visions I dared not call memories.

Fancying now that I had attained the very pinnacle of the castle, I commenced to rush up the few steps beyond the door; but the sudden veiling of the moon by a cloud caused me to stumble, and I felt my way more slowly in the dark. It was still very dark when I reached the grating—which I tried carefully and found unlocked, but which I did not open for fear of falling from the amazing height to which I had climbed. Then the moon came out.

Most daemoniacal of all shocks is that of the abysmally unexpected and grotesquely unbelievable. Nothing I had before undergone could compare in terror with what I now saw; with the bizarre marvels that sight implied. The sight itself was as simple as it was stupefying, for it was merely this: instead of a dizzying prospect of treetops seen from a lofty eminence, there stretched around me on a level through the grating nothing less than the solid ground, decked and diversified by marble slabs and columns, and overshadowed by an ancient stone church, whose ruined spire gleamed spectrally in the moonlight.

Half unconscious, I opened the grating and staggered out upon the white gravel path that stretched away in two directions. My mind, stunned and chaotic as it was, still held the frantic craving for light; and not even the fantastic wonder which had happened could stay my course. I neither knew nor cared whether my experience was insanity, dreaming, or magic; but was determined to gaze on brilliance and gaiety at any cost. I knew not who I was or what I was, or what my surroundings might be; though as I continued to stumble along I became conscious of a kind of fearsome latent memory that made my progress not wholly fortuitous. I passed under an arch out of that region of slabs and columns, and wandered through the open country; sometimes following the visible road, but sometimes leaving it curiously to tread across meadows where only occasional ruins bespoke the ancient presence of a forgotten road. Once I swam across a swift river where crumbling, mossy masonry told of a bridge long vanished.

Over two hours must have passed before I reached what seemed to be my goal, a venerable ivied castle in a thickly wooded park; maddeningly familiar, yet full of perplexing strangeness to me. I saw that the moat was filled in, and that some of the well-known towers were demolished; whilst new wings existed to confuse the beholder. But what I observed with chief interest and delight were the open windows—gorgeously ablaze with light and sending forth sound of the gayest revelry. Advancing to one of these I looked in and saw an oddly dressed company, indeed; making merry, and speaking brightly to one another. I had never, seemingly, heard human speech before; and could guess only vaguely what was said. Some of the faces seemed to hold expressions that brought up incredibly remote recollections; others were utterly alien.

I now stepped through the low window into the brilliantly lighted room, stepping as I did so from my single bright moment of hope to my blackest convulsion of despair and realisation. The nightmare was quick to come; for as I entered, there occurred immediately one of the most terrifying demonstrations I had ever conceived. Scarcely had I crossed the sill when there descended upon the whole company a sudden and unheralded fear of hideous intensity, distorting every face and evoking the most horrible screams from nearly every throat. Flight was universal, and in the clamour and panic several fell in a swoon and were dragged away by their madly fleeing companions. Many covered their eyes with their hands, and plunged blindly and awkwardly in their race to escape; overturning furniture and stumbling against the walls before they managed to reach one of the many doors.

The cries were shocking; and as I stood in the brilliant apartment alone and dazed, listening to their vanishing echoes, I trembled at the thought of what might be lurking near me unseen. At a casual inspection the room seemed deserted, but when I moved toward one of the alcoves I thought I detected a presence there—a hint of motion beyond the golden-arched doorway leading to another and somewhat similar room. As I approached the arch I began to perceive the presence more clearly; and then, with the first and last sound I ever uttered—a ghastly ululation that revolted me almost as poignantly as its noxious cause—I beheld in full, frightful vividness the inconceivable, indescribable, and unmentionable monstrosity which had by its simple appearance changed a merry company to a herd of delirious fugitives.

I cannot even hint what it was like, for it was a compound of all that is unclean, uncanny, unwelcome, abnormal, and detestable. It was the ghoulish shade of decay, antiquity, and desolation; the putrid, dripping eidolon of unwholesome revelation; the awful baring of that which the merciful earth should always hide. God knows it was not of this world—or no longer of this world—yet to my horror I saw in its eaten-away and bone-revealing outlines a leering, abhorrent travesty on the human shape; and in its mouldy, disintegrating apparel an unspeakable quality that chilled me even more.

I was almost paralysed, but not too much so to make a feeble effort toward flight; a backward stumble which failed to break the spell in which the nameless, voiceless monster held me. My eyes, bewitched by the glassy orbs which stared loathsomely into them, refused to close; though they were mercifully blurred, and shewed the terrible object but indistinctly after the first shock. I tried to raise my hand to shut out the sight, yet so stunned were my nerves that my arm could not fully obey my will. The attempt, however, was enough to disturb my balance; so that I had to stagger forward several steps to avoid falling. As I did so I became suddenly and agonisingly aware of the nearness of the carrion thing, whose hideous hollow breathing I half fancied I could hear. Nearly mad, I found myself yet able to throw out a hand to ward off the foetid apparition which pressed so close; when in one cataclysmic second of cosmic nightmarishness and hellish accident my fingers touched the rotting outstretched paw of the monster beneath the golden arch.

I did not shriek, but all the fiendish ghouls that ride the night-wind shrieked for me as in that same second there crashed down upon my mind a single and fleeting avalanche of soul-annihilating memory. I knew in that second all that had been; I remembered beyond the frightful castle and the trees, and recognised the altered edifice in which I now stood; I recognised, most terrible of all, the unholy abomination that stood leering before me as I withdrew my sullied fingers from its own.

But in the cosmos there is balm as well as bitterness, and that balm is nepenthe. In the supreme horror of that second I forgot what had horrified me, and the burst of black memory vanished in a chaos of echoing images. In a dream I fled from that haunted and accursed pile, and ran swiftly and silently in the moonlight. When I returned to the churchyard place of marble and went down the steps I found the stone trap-door immovable; but I was not sorry, for I had hated the antique castle and the trees. Now I ride with the mocking and friendly ghouls on the night-wind, and play by day amongst the catacombs of Nephren-Ka in the sealed and unknown valley of Hadoth by the Nile. I know that light is not for me, save that of the moon over the rock tombs of Neb, nor any gaiety save the unnamed feasts of Nitokris beneath the Great Pyramid; yet in my new wildness and freedom I almost welcome the bitterness of alienage.

For although nepenthe has calmed me, I know always that I am an outsider; a stranger in this century and among those who are still men. This I have known ever since I stretched out my fingers to the abomination within that great gilded frame; stretched out my fingers and touched a cold and unyielding surface of polished glass.


Ta'n skeealeen shoh çhyndaait ass The Outsider liorish H P Lovecraft.

Wednesday, 10 November 2010

Pontreilley marrey boayrd mooarheeragh yn Antarctagh liorish raunteeyn

(ennym bunneydagh: Seals map bathymetry of the Antarctic continental shelf)

Geophysical Research Letters 2010; 37, screeuyn 21601; eddyr-lhieen

DOI: 10.1029/2010GL044921

Laurie Padman, Daniel P. Costa, S. Thompson Bolmer, Michael E. Goebel, Luis A. Huckstadt, Adrian Jenkins, Birgitte I. McDonald as Deborah R. Shoosmith

Choud’s ta fys aym, cha nel yn art bunneydagh ry-lhaih mannagh vel entreilys ayd da’n earishlioar hene. Ta cur-magh naight Baarle ry-akin ec New Scientist.

Giare-chummey

Ta bea-oayllee ec Ollooscoill Chalifornia Santa Cruz jannoo ymmyd jeh raunteeyn myr greieyn towshanagh dys jalloo caslyssyn-çheerey jeh grunt ny marrey mygeayrt yn Antarctagh.

Ta sleityn as glionnyn fo-ushtey bentyn rish strooghyn marrey, as ta shen bentyn rish rio er eaghtyr yn ushtey. Son y chooid smoo, t'ad jannoo caslyssyn jeh liorish mactullaghey; ta diunid ny keayin ry-howse rere y tammylt er son sheean goll veih'n lhong dys y grunt as erash. Agh cha nod oo jannoo shen mygeayrt yn Arctagh, son y chooid smoo, er coontey'n rio çhiu ta lhiettal lhongyn.

Ghleiy ad pontreilleyderyn lectraneagh er king raunteeyn elefant as goaill tastey jeu gleashaghey 'sy cheayn Bellingshausen eddyr 2005-9. Va fys ec ny h-oayllee hannah dy vel raunteeyn thummey dys grunt ny marrey mysh jeih thummaghyn as feed 'sy cheead, er bun studeyrys s'leaie ayns ardjyn share er towse. Eisht scrutee ad thummey s'diuney ny raunteeyn 'syn ard gyn towse, dys jannoo cummey jeh ym-linney yn ard. Hooar ad magh dy vel ammyryn 'syn ard ny s'diuney ny row ad jerkal, mysh 600m er diunid. Ta lheid ny h-ammyryn gymmyrkey ushtey çhiow, as myr shen, foddee dy vel laue oc ayns lheie tappee y boayrd rioee ayns 2008.

Dooyrt Daniel Costa, fer jeh'n skimmee: "Ta rauenteeyn slanjeant da'n chooish. T'ad goll dys buill nagh jagh peiagh erbee rieau; as cha nel feme oc er kishtey pooar."

"She saase neugheyr as lajer eh," dooyrt Paul Holland, ny chiaddeyder marrey y British Antarctic Survey gyn laue 'sy studeyrys.

Tuesday, 23 March 2010

Far-chohaaghey sollys ayns kesh er bun Ranaspumin-2

(ennym bunneydagh: Artificial Photosynthesis in Ranaspumin-2 Based Foam)

Nano Letters 5 Mee ny Boaldyn 2010; eddyr-lhieen dy leah (cha nel fys ayn foast er yn ym-lioar as duillagyn)

DOI: 10.1021/nl100550k

David Wendell Jacob Todd as Carlo Montemagno

Biomedical Engineering Department, Engineering Research Center, 2901 Woodside Drive, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221

Choud’s ta fys aym, cha nel yn art bunneydagh ry-lhaih mannagh vel entreilys ayd da’n earishlioar hene. Ta cur-magh naight Baarle ry-akin ec duillag yn Olloscoill.

Giare-chummey

Ta lossreeyn co-haaghey sollys er son ny femeyn bree oc; t'ad goaill stiagh soilshey ny greiney as daa-ocseed charboan, as jannoo ocsygien as shugyryn assdaue. Dy noddagh shin jannoo ymmyd jeh dys jannoo bree "glass" da deiney, veagh shen ny chooney mooar dooin. Ta oayllee ec Ollooscoill Chincinnati er ngeddyn saase shen y yannoo, foddee. Ren ad ymmyd jeh far-stoo kirpey jeant ass ensymeyn lossreeyn, bacteyryn, rannagyn as fungyssyn, as eshyn ny hoie er kesh.

Reih ad kesh er dy fa dy vel eh co-ghlooghey ny h-ym-obbreeghyn dy mie, agh t'eh lhiggey da aer as soilshey çheet stiagh dy aashagh myrgeddin. Va'n kiaddey rere idd cheshey rannag lieh-ghrianchryssagh, y rannag Túngura (Engystomops pustulosus). Ta'n rannag shoh jannoo kesh feer 'oddey beayn dys jannoo edd da ny rannagyn aegey eck choud's t'ad gaase.

Ymmyd as vondeishyn

Dooyrt Wendell: "Ta vondeish ec y chorys ain er coryssyn lossreeyn as algaghyn. T'eh orroo ram bree y cheau er obbraghyn elley, dys tannaghtyn bio as geddyn sliught. Fodmayd jannoo shugyr ass ooilley bree ny greiney ta goit ain. Chammah's shen, cha nel feme ain er thalloo mie da'n chesh, myr shen, cha bee eh brishey stiagh er troarey."

Ta vondeish elley bentyn rish co-ghlooghey daa-ocseed charboan. Dooyrt Wendell: "Ayns coryssyn lossreeyn dooghyssagh, ta rouyr daa-ocseed charboan dooney co-haaghey sollys, agh ta'n corys ain er bun bacteyragh. Myr shen, foddee eh goll er ayns çhymbyllaghtyn as ram daa-ocseed charboan ayndaue, myr sampleyr, smoghan stashoon lectraghys geayil."

Ta ymmodee vondeishyn da croo kesh gollrish lus.

"Foddee oo jannoo ram stoo ass ny shugyryn, myr sampleyr, ethanol as bea-chonney elley," as Wendell. "As t'eh goaill daa-ocseed charboan ass yn aer, gyn anveaghey thalloo banejagh."

Dooyrt Dean Montemagno: "ta'n çhaghnoaylleeaght shoh taishbyney saase spaarailagh dy yannoo ymmyd jeh fyshoaylleeaght vioagyn, liorish croo sheeloghe noa dy stooghyn obbragh ta covestey obbraghyn bea 'syn troggal oc. Ta'n çhalee shoh taishbyney saase noa dy haglym bree ny greiney dys jannoo ooill ny bee, as shen ny s'fondagh na saaseyn bea-vree ny greiney elley. Er reayrtys s'lheaie, t'eh cur er bun saase dy ghoaill stiagh obbraghyn corysyn bioey ayns corysyn kiaddit as jeant ain."

Myr nah cheim, t'eh foue eab y yannoo dy yannoo y çhaghnoaylleeaght yn-jannoo da ymmydyn elley, myr sampleyr, taartyn carboan ec stashoonyn lectraghys geayil.

Saaseyn

Ta sleih er chur roish dy nodmayd jannoo conney jeh bea-chorpys myr feaysley bree yn-aanoaghey da leodaghey conney fossylagh.1 Cha nel agh mysh 5% jeh çheet dy ve bree yn-ymmydey, er coontey caghliee vioyrid as obbraghyn femoil y chillag. 2 Fodmayd jannoo ethanol ass shugyryn lossreeyn, as ass cuirtlagh villish, switchgrass as corn stover.3-5 Agh veagh eh orrin thalloo as ushtey y chur daue ass y chooid jeorit ain.

Cha nel monney bree ry-gheddyn ass bea-ethanol,3 as myr shen t'ad credjal dy bee 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) ny stoo ynnydagh mie: ta'n ghlooaght vree, poynt broiagh as neulheieys ayns ushtey echey ooilley ny smoo na adsyn t'ec ethanol. Chammah's shen, t'eh yn-jannoo ass carbey-hydraadyn bunneydagh, myr sampleyr glucose ny fructose, as adsyn ry-gheddyn ass bea-chorpys.5

Ta pabyr elley6 soilshaghey dy nodmayd jannoo bea-chohaaghey (biosynthesis) er kesh. Ren ad ATP (adenosine triphosphate) er kesh ass Tween-20 (ny sthoo ghlennee er son bea-chemmig) as bolganyn polymeragh, as ny h-ensymeyn BR synthase as ATP synthase ayndaue. Dod ad jannoo ATP liorish y taase shen.

'Sy phrowaltys shoh, ren ad ymmyd jeh proteen obbree-eaghtyr (surfactant) Ranaspumin-2. Shen jeant ec rannagyn Túngara dys troggal idd. T'eh lhiggey dooin kesh y yannoo ec co-ghlooghey beg, gyn boirey er far-chrackanyn killag; cha dod obbreeyn-eaghtyr laue-jeant shen y chooilleeney.

Ren ad bolganyn as BR/F0F1ATP synthase ayndaue. Bee adsyn co-haaghey ATP. Eisht, hug ad adsyn stiagh 'sy chesh, choud's ensymeyn femeoil y chorys Calvin-Benson-Bassham. Shen yn aawoalley ta jannoo shugyryn lesh ATP, ushtey as daa-ocseed charboan.

Liorish y taase shoh, ghow ad fondid çhyndaa kemmigagh smoo jeh 96%. T'ad credjal dy nod ad jannoo 34.5 thunney dy DMF 'sy hectare 'sy vlein; shen 10x ny smoo na troar bea-chorpys tradishoonagh. T'ad gra dy nod y kesh ve ny hoie er mullee thie, thalloo neueirinagh as nyn lheid. T'ad credjal dy beagh eh sauail ushtey; ta feanish ayn dy beagh troar ethanol ass bea-chorpys ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneyssit jannoo ymmyd jeh 800-4200 leetyr dy ushtey da dagh leetyr dy ethanol, as shen trooid eddyr-ghaalaghey (evapotranspiration) son y chooid smoo.7

  1. Ward, D. A.; Keys, A. J. Photosynth. Res. (1989), 22, 167-171
  2. Zhu, X.-G.; Long, S. P.; Ort, D. R. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. (2008), 19, 153-159
  3. Lynd, L. R.; Cushman, J. H.; Nichols, R. J.; Wyman, C. E. Science (1991), 251 (4999) 1318-1323
  4. Gordon, J. M.; Polle, J. E. W. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2007), 76, 969-975
  5. Román-Leshkov, Y.; Barrett, C. J.; Liu, Z. Y.; Dumesic, J. A. Nat. Lett. (2007), 447, 982-986
  6. Choi, H.-J.; Montemagno, C. Nanotechnology (2006), 17, 2198-2202
  7. Dominguez-Faus, R.; Powers, S. E.; Burken, J. G.; Alvarez, P. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2009), 43 (9) 3005-3010

Thursday, 4 February 2010

Aachuirrey-lhee ahjioogh jeant jeh stoo deiney

(ennym bunneydagh: Clinical transplantation of a tissue-engineered airway)

The Lancet 13 Mee ny Nollick 2008 372(8655): 2023-2030

Macchiarini, P a b c, Jungebluth, Pa, Go, Ta, Asnaghi, A d, Rees, L E h, Cogan, T A g, Dodson, A h, Martorell, J f, Bellini, S e, Parnigotto, P P e, Dickinson, S C g, Hollander, A P g, Mantero, S d, Conconi, M T e, as Birchall, M A h

a Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
b Fundaci Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
c CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
d Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
e Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
f Immunology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
g Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
h Clinical Sciences at South Bristol, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

Choud’s ta fys aym, cha nel yn art bunneydagh ry-lhaih mannagh vel entreilys ayd da’n earishlioar hene. Ta giare-chummey Baarle ry-akin ec thelancet.com as art myechione ry-akin er duillag The Independent.

Giare-chummey

Coayl ahjioogh, she cragh eh. Ta sleih er n’eabbey ahjiooghyn noa y chur ayns ynnyd y fer caillt, agh va doilleeidyn tromey ayn. Son ahjioogh noa jeant jeh stoo kirp deiney, ta feme ayn er clowan chooie, as troyn obbrinagh kiartey eck, gyn antigenaght ("antigenicity" dy ghra myr shen, cha nel yn ahjioogh noa caulgaghey y corys coadey). V’eh foue clowan ahjiooghagh phiobanagh y yannoo liorish bea-yeshaghteyrys ("bio-engineering". Ren ad ymmyd jeh reillyn jeshaghteyrys stoo kirpey ("tissue engineering". V’eh orroo chammah yn saase shoh y scrutaghey son ymmyd er surransagh as keim jerrinagh çhingys ahjiooghagh urree.

Saase

Dys scapail jiooldey y chorys coadey, ren ad ymmyd jeh e killaghyn hene son yn olt aa-hoiaghey y yannoo. Va ahjioogh gheiney toyrtyssagh ny clowan daue. Ren ad scughey killaghyn as antigenyn MHC ass yn ahjioogh gheiney toyrtyssagh liorish ensymeyn as noi-vaaghyn. Hie ee er clanney dy jesh liorish killaghyn y surransagh hene: killaghyn epitheliagh ("epithelial cells", as chondrocytyen er nyn ngeddyn ass bun-chillaghyn mesenchymagh ("mesenchymal stem-cells" y turransagh hene. She ben 30-bleeaney d’eash ish, as cha nod ee tayrn ennal, er y fa dy row e scowan fillit liorish gorley shymley. Lurg shen, hug ad yn olt aa-hoiaghey shoh ayns ynnyd bronchys toshtal y ven hene.

Eiyrtys

Çhelleeragh, dobbree y ahjioogh noa. Ren eh foays da’n quallid-vea eck, as lurg 4 meeghyn, va cummey cadjin as troyn obbrinagh cadjin eck. Cha row noi-chorpeenyn erbee ec y turransagh, as cha dooar ee druggaghyn coadey-smaghtagh ("immunosuppressive drugs" erbee.

Resoonaght

Rere’n eiyrts shoh, t’eh jeeaghyn dy nodmayd jannoo ahjioogh chillagh jeh stoo deiney; dy vel troyn obbrinagh cadjin eck, myr shen, foddee eh gobbraghey dy cadjin; as nagh vel gaue jiooldey y chorys coadey eck. Rere’n chooish shoh, foddee, veagh killaghyn hene-aachuirrey ("autologous" dy ghra myr shen, goit jeh as currit erash da’n turransagh hene), marish bea-stoo cooie, nyn lheeys mie da surransee as çhingys trome orroo.

Feeaghyn

Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Spain; Charles Courtenay-Cowlin Fund, University of Bristol; UK Arthritis Research Campaign; as y James Tudor Foundation.

2011: Art eiyrtyssagh

Ta obbyr eiyrtyssagh goll er jannoo foast er ny far-oltyn shoh. Er 9oo Mean Souree 2011, ren Macchiarini aachuirrey far-ahjioogh stiagh ayns dooinney. Ta scansh eddyr y ghaa chooish, er y fa nagh ren ad ymmyd jeh stoo kirp gheiney elley ‘sy chooish shoh. Hoshiaght, ren ad clowan nano-chovestagh polymeragh rere kiaddey Alexander Seifalian. Ta tuill veggey ass towse ayn, as myr shen foddee killagyn cummal as aase er. Ta’n clowan jeant jeh fainnaghyn beayn creoi ayns ynnyd ny fainnaghyn lunganeagh dooghyssagh, as stoo s’boggey eddyr oc dys lhiggey da’n ahjioogh lhoobey. V’eh jeant dy jeeragh rere cummey ahjioogh dooghyssagh y hurransagh, as kanghyr ahjiooghagh echeysyn. Cha row ahjioogh toyrtyssagh erbee ry-gheddyn as cha row saase lheeys elley faagit oc.

Ghow ad sampleyr dy vun-chillaghyn mesenchymagh ass y smuir craue echey daa laa roish yn obbyr. Ren Harvard Bioscience ymmyd jeh bea-‘rasseeagh dyn aase: ren ad y far-ahjioogh y wheeylaghey ‘sy vea-‘rasseeagh as deayrtey fliughid beaghee as ny bun-chillagyn harrish. Ren stroos giarrey queeyllee noi y ‘liughid cur er ny bun-chillagyn jannoo killagyn eaghtyragh ahjiooghagh jeu hene. Myr shen va eaghtyr mooie killagyn eaghtyragh ahjiooghagh urree. Roish my ren ad yn ‘ar-ahjioogh y chur stiagh ‘sy turransagh, ghow ad sampleyr dy chillagyn epitheliagh ass e ‘troin as cur ad er eaghtyr sthie ny h-ahjioogh. Bee ad aase as skeaylley magh dys coodey y lane eaghtyr sthie lesh killagyn epitheliagh, myr ahjioogh ghooghyssagh.

Er y fa dy vel yn ‘ar-ahjioogh jeant jeh stoo polymeragh as killagyn y hurransagh hene, cha nel gaue jiooldey y chorys coadey ayn, as cha nel feme echey er druggaghyn coadey-smaghtagh erbee.

Ta fys ry-gheddyn ‘sy Vaarle ny ‘sy Toolynish ec Karolinska Institutet.

Wednesday, 13 January 2010

Y vaarney cheintys as eddyr-obbraghey 'sy çhamyr scoill: rieughid ny so-loayrtys?

(ennym bunneydagh: The gender gap and classroom interactions: reality or rhetoric?)

British Journal of Sociology of Education 1999; 20(3):325-341

Younger M, Warrington M as Williams J

Choud’s ta fys aym, cha nel yn art bunneydagh ry-lhaih mannagh vel entreilys ayd da’n earishlioar hene.

Giare-chummey

Ta'n art shoh scrutaghey as cosoylaghey y vaarney cheintys ec GCSE ayns hoght ard-scoillyn Sostnagh. T'ad loayrt er y rieughid as caaynt t'ayn mychione eddyr-obbraghey 'sy çhamyr scoill, cur tastey er lheh da barelyn fir-ynsee, barelyn ynseyderyn 'sy nah vlein, as cooilleeinaghyn jeh eddyr-obbraghey ynseyder/fir-ynsee 'sy çhamyr scoill.

Ayns art ny s’leaie, (British Journal of Sociology of Education, 17(3)), va ny screeudeyryn feyshtey my row ny sloo cooney niartaghey currit ec sleih-ynsee da guillyn na da inneenyn, as cre va mooadys y vaarney. Nish t'ad jeeaghyn er y chooish reesht ayns traaghyn as çhymbyllaghtyn scoill neuchasley. Ta studeyrys rere'n taase lhean shen cur sannish da vel y chooid smoo jeh sleih-ynsee credjal dy vel ad cur y geill cheddin da inneenyn as guillyn, er lheh mychione cooney ynsee. Agh co-akinyn lesh ynseyderyn, as cooilleeiney 'sy çhamyr-scoill, t'ad cur bun er yn eie nagh vel shen jeant dy mennick ayns y chooid smoo jeh scoillyn. Ta kioneys ec guillyn ec kuse dy hraaghyn 'sy çhamyr-scoill, choud’s ta inneenyn goaill ny smoo commee ayns eddyr-obbraghey marish sleih-ynsee, as eshyn cur cooney da ynsaghey. Son cur laue rish goan-chooilleeney ghuillyn, bee orrin y clane y chur fo cliaghtaghyn eddyr-obbraghey myr shen. Lhisagh shin cur cooney da guillyn roshtyn saaseyn ynsee myr adsyn t’ec inneenyn as ad gynsaghey dy fondagh.

Rere ny cooilleeinaghyn jeant ain, ta sleih-ynsee stiurey guillyn ayns aght elley ny t'ad stiurey inneenyn. Eddyr-obbraghey ynseyder/sleih-ynsee cadjin, oghsanyn, ynseyderyn feyshtey sleih-ynsee dy jeeragh, ny freggyrt feyshtyn ny sleih-ynsee - ta kioneys y clane ec guillyn. Er lesh kuse dy sleih-ynsee, cha vel scansh eddyr yn aght t'ad stiurey inneenyn as guillyn, agh cha nel y feanish cur cooney daue. Ta ny smoo bun ec eie chadjin ynseyderyn dy vel ny smoo geill obballagh goll er cur da guillyn na da inneenyn.

My ta fa cairagh ayn ny dyn, cha nel shen baghtal; ta beggan feanish ayn ta gra dy vel slein-ynsee ny sloo surransagh da drogh-ymmyrkey guillyn na da drogh-ymmyrkey inneenyn (Lodge & Pickering, 1996). Agh er y fa dy vel sleih-ynsee fakin kuse dy ghuillyn dy ve nyn vorrane smoo ‘sy çhamyr-scoill, ta ny smoo streeu eddyr y ghaa. T’eh so-hoiggal dy vel sleih-ynsee cur ny smoo tastey da guillyn myr shen, myr eab dy freayll tastey ny guillyn as stiurey y clane vrastyl. Ny yei shen, ta’n ymmyrkey shoh bentyn rish reaghey, cha nel rish ynsaghey. Cha nel monney feanish dy vel sleih-ynsee cur ny smoo tastey da guillyn na da inneenyn mychione ynsaghey. Loayrt dy firrinagh, ta inneenyn jannoo ymmyd share jeh caaghyn dy chur feyshtyn da sleih-ynsee as soilshaghey cooishyn ynsee; ta kioneys ec inneenyn bentyn rish cooney ny sleih-ynsee, cha nel ec guillyn.

Artyn bentyn da'n chooish shoh:

Aukrust, V.G. Boys' and girls' conversational participation across four grade levels in Norwegian classrooms: taking the floor or being given the floor?. Gender and Education 2008 20(3): 237-252.

Markham, P. Sacrificial girls: a case study of the impact of streaming and setting on gender reform. British Educational Research Journal 2007 33(4): 459-478.

Lodge, C. as Pickering, J.Boys under-achievement: challenging some assumptions about boys. Pabyr currit da'n British Educational Research Association Conference, Lancaster, Mean Fouyir 1996.

Younger, M. as Warrington, M.Differential achievement of girls and boys at GCSE: some observations from the perspective of one school.British Journal of Sociology of Education 1996 17(3):299-314